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源于中国 惠及世界——“一带一路”进行时

2017-05-12 14:40:16   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者卜卫军):2000多年前,丝绸之路上驼铃声阵阵,来自中国的丝绸、茶叶、瓷器等物品一路向西运至欧洲,同时,来自欧洲的葡萄、玻璃等产品一路向东来到中国,极大地推动了东西方商品、文化的交流。时过境迁,如今,这条沉寂了五六百年的古老的贸易通道再度焕发生机,打通这条通道的一个重要标识就是渝新欧铁路。

诞生于2011年的渝新欧中欧班列始于重庆,途经哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波兰等6个国家的12个城市,最终抵达德国杜伊斯堡,全长一万一千多公里,全程12天,较海运节约近30天的时间,价格为空运的五分之一。渝新欧铁路不仅推动中国制造走向欧洲,同时也将沿线国家的优质产品引进来,撬动“一带一路”的商贸往来。重庆西部物流园总经理谷永红介绍说:“选择高附加值的货物,能够承载渝新欧运费的,也就是说它的价格比空运价格低,比海运价格要高。”

统计显示,2016年渝新欧班列运送出口的货物货值180亿元,达4.2万个标准箱。如今,渝新欧铁路回程也实现了列车的满载而归,包括来自欧洲的整装汽车、零配件、葡萄酒、奶制品、奢侈品等产品。意大利商人尼古拉·桑吉瓦尼非常看好“一带一路”商机,两年前他只身来到重庆,从事葡萄酒贸易生意。尼古拉·桑吉瓦尼说:“在这个新的自由贸易区,加上可以用铁路直接从欧洲运货,给了我们更多的机会来做互相贸易。”

借助渝新欧铁路,重庆正形成铁路、水路、空运、陆运为一体的国际物流枢纽,欧洲货物运至重庆后通过各种方式运至中国各大城市,或者转运至曼谷、吉隆坡、大阪等距离重庆4小时航空半径的亚洲城市。重庆市经济和信息化委员会副主任杨丽琼表示:“这个通道使我们大量的货物可以改空运为‘铁+空’,叫铁空联运,这样不仅仅可以节约成本,同时这些货物大量吸引过来以后,实现中欧班列进一步的去程与回程平衡。”

2011年1月28日,渝新欧开出第一班列车,开通之初,这班列车还只是单一客户承包专列为主,有货才开。随着“一带一路”倡议的提出,市场需求日渐增多,到了2014年,渝新欧开通公共班列,从每周一班加密至每日一班。按计划,2017年渝新欧中欧班列的开行目标将超过500班次,同比增长19%,并重点开发渝新欧匈牙利支线、俄罗斯支线等。

除了推动渝新欧中欧班列的快速发展,2013年提出的“一带一路”倡议在多个领域由愿景规划走向稳步推进。三年多来,本着共商、共建、共享的原则,“一带一路”建设由点及面,一系列重大项目落地开花,中蒙俄、新亚欧大陆桥、中国—中亚—西亚、中国—中南半岛、中巴、孟中印缅六大经济走廊逐步成型。中科院地理科学与资源研究所研究员刘卫东表示:“让全世界的资本能够流动起来,发现商机,共同投资建设,能够让这样的发展惠及更多的国家、地区和人民。”

中巴经济走廊是落地最早、推进最快的“一带一路”合作项目之一。仅仅两年多建设,巴基斯坦萨尔瓦西电站即将要投产发电,未来,中巴两国合作的20多个能源项目将使巴基斯坦的总发电量翻一番,极大地改善当地电力紧张的难题。

在全球经济增长乏力的大背景下,这条包括高速公路、铁路运输、油气、光缆通道和产业园在内的中巴经济走廊解决了几十万人口的就业问题,推动巴基斯坦的经济发展。对此,中巴经济走廊特使扎法尔表示:“现在世界银行、国际评级公司对巴基斯坦的经济非常乐观,今年我看了世界银行报告,它说今年巴基斯坦的GDP可以达到5.4%,这是我们十几年来没有过的历史。”

“一带一路”蕴藏着巨大的发展机遇,越来越多的国家和地区将发展规划与“一带一路”倡议对接,包括俄罗斯欧亚经济联盟、蒙古国草原之路、哈萨克斯坦光明大道、欧盟容克投资计划、越南的两廊一圈和澳大利亚的北部大开发等。国际货币基金组织预测,到2020年,“一带一路”沿线国家和地区货物贸易总额将达到19.6万亿美元,占全球货物贸易总额38.9%。“一带一路”倡议源于中国,惠及世界。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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