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蒋介石铜像遍布岛内,屡遭砍头台被讽“亚洲砍城”

2017-04-27 08:57:03   环球时报

【环球时报驻台北特约记者陈雯萱】民进党重新执政以来,“去蒋化”在岛内遍地开花,蒋介石铜像连续被砍头,台湾甚至成了“亚洲砍城”。有人不禁问,台湾为什么会有那么多蒋介石雕像呢?这要从历史说起。

1945年国民政府接收台湾后,国民党便委托人在台湾制作蒋介石与孙中山的铜像。台湾第一尊蒋介石铜像是由已故台湾雕塑家蒲添生创作,于1946年完成。当时正是蒋介石60岁的生日,深受蒋介石喜爱。

国民党迁台之后,大力拆除日据时期的日本人雕像,台湾总督桦山资纪、儿玉源太郎、佐久间左马太等,官员水野遵、后藤新平,以及一些技术人员的铜像,都陆续从台湾消失,代之而起的是孙中山、蒋介石铜像林立。台湾社会也随之出现对蒋介石的个人崇拜氛围。

到蒋介石65岁、66岁生日时,全台兴起建蒋介石雕像的热潮。1952年11月,花莲全县各市乡镇发起捐款建铜像运动。当地报纸与广播电台进行宣传,呼吁民众踊跃捐款;中学生组成小队,在地方上挨户宣传;县市妇女会会员展开家庭访问,希望能在短期内完成捐款目标。蒋介石得知此事后,下令由台湾省主席吴国桢电告花莲县政府,立即停止筹建铜像工作,所有捐款应一律返还。有人说,这是因为蒋介石对生前塑像颇有忌讳。

第二波建雕像热潮出现在1975年蒋介石去世后,当政者发起大规模的“蒋公铜像捐献运动”,鼓励民众“一人一元”捐钱塑造“蒋公铜像”,各县市政府、公私立机关、学校纷纷塑造蒋介石像,安放在各地公园、学校、路口、公司等公共场所。几年间,蒋介石雕像遍布台湾。为了维护蒋介石的形象,1975年台“行政院”制定《塑建蒋公铜像注意事项》,要求建造蒋介石铜像时务必遵循以下规定:脸部必须慈祥雍容,含蕴大仁、大智、大勇、生动愉快的神情;服装必须以蒋公爱穿的中山装为主;铜像高度要超过1.7米,台座高度不得低于2米;姿势也必须是英气挺拔的自然站姿。令人惊讶的是,这一规定直到今年3月才被正式废止。

到底有多少蒋介石雕像,岛内没有完整统计,但有人估计,如果仅限于公共场所,应该有千余尊。如果算上民间铸造的蒋介石雕像摆件,可能会多达4.5万余尊。这些雕像大多都是在蒋介石去世后塑造的。

“两蒋时代”结束后,台湾出现“倒蒋”运动,摧毁蒋介石雕像是运动的内容之一。尤其是2000年后,民进党上台执政,各地的蒋介石雕像纷纷被拆。慈湖所在的桃园县政府收集各地蒋介石雕像,建成一个雕塑公园,当时被讥笑为“雕像收容所”。后来随着开放陆客,桃园的两蒋文化园区成了热门景点。对于最近铜像破坏事件频频发生,桃园观旅局表示,还有空位“收容”。

责任编辑:孙鑫鑫 CN066
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