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日本为何热衷渲染“中国威胁”?

2017-08-10 11:28:15   海外网

摘要:如何“说服”民众使之理解“修宪”的必要性和紧迫性,便成为安倍能否实现其外祖父岸信介未遂之愿并“青史留名”的重要工作。

8月8日,日本内阁批准了2017新版防卫《白皮书》,其中对“中国威胁”大加渲染,仅正文提到“中国”就有1100处之多。日本在国家防卫政策重要文件中重点“关怀”中国的做法,有着深层次的原因。

来自各地的日本民众在东京繁华区新宿街头举行示威游行,抗议安倍内阁修改宪法解释以解禁集体自卫权。(图源:中国新闻网)

8月初,日本首相安倍晋三继2014年9月之后,再次改组内阁,由著名“知华派”、1993年8月初“河野谈话”的发表者河野洋平的长子河野太郎取代岸田文雄出任外相。但是,“小河野”的“处女秀”,尤其是和美国国务卿蒂勒森、澳大利亚外长毕晓普发表明显指责中国的“联合声明”,显然令中国很不满意。8月7日,中国外交部长王毅在马尼拉出席东亚合作系列外长会议期间会见日本外相河野太郎,之后在回答记者提问时表示,“河野太郎的发言让中国感到失望”。

必须明确,安倍此番改组内阁,主要是进一步实现党内各派力量平衡以增强党内团结,为明年继续连任总裁夯实基础,而不是为了调整内外政策。尽管这次安倍是在自身和阁僚出现丑闻时改组内阁,但即便没有丑闻,内阁也会改组。总之,安倍“改组内阁”并不意味“改变政策”。安倍的内外政策迄今并未改变,今后也基本不会改变。

毋庸置疑,安倍内外政策的重点是修改《日本国宪法》和强化日美同盟,连接两者的一个重要因素就是继续渲染“中国威胁”。值得关注的是,这次安倍内阁改组后,各大媒体民意调查显示,其支持率均有明显回升。以日本共同社为例,支持率为44.4%,较7月份的调查上升了8.6%。但是,有53.4%反对在安倍执政期间修宪,而赞成者为34.5%。在决定能否修宪的三个条件即美国赞同、国会批准、国民支持中,前两个条件已经具备,唯独最后一个条件还不具备时,如何“说服”民众使之理解“修宪”的必要性和紧迫性,便成为安倍能否实现其外祖父岸信介未遂之愿并“青史留名”的重要工作。而做好这项工作的“法宝”,就是渲染“中国威胁”。

渲染“中国威胁”还能有一个重要收获就是使民众支持强化美日同盟。例如,2010年9月7日中日发生“撞船事件”后,读卖新闻社当年10月5日公布的调查数据显示,71%的受访者“支持强化日美同盟”;2013年1月中日“军机对峙”局势紧张时,日本共同社民调显示,75.9%的受访者“支持强化日美同盟”。至于美国,在北约盟友不给力,令美国在北约的防务费用中占比73%时,强化日美同盟,让日本更多承担原先北约盟友承担的“责任”,便成了题中应有之义。

认识到这一点,我们就不难理解为何日本外相河野太郎、美国国务卿蒂勒森和澳大利亚外长毕晓普,在8月7日举行三国外长会谈并发表联合声明,不点名地指责中国在南海和东海的正当维权活动;也就不难理解随后由日本内阁批准的2017年版《防卫白皮书》,罗列中国海军近来的动向称,“中方在东海和南海基于自身主张试图改变现状,已成为国际和地区共同担忧事项”。

因此,若安倍政权真正有诚意改善中日关系,就必须停止为了达到自身内政外交目的而抹黑中国的行径,停止渲染“中国威胁”,真正实践“互为合作伙伴,互不构成威胁”的共识,使中日关系在实现邦交45周年之际真正得以改善。否则,中日关系将无法“延续2014年底形成的改善势头”。

(冯玮,复旦大学历史系教授,海外网专栏作者)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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