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“反转新闻”打了谁的脸

2017-08-03 13:15:29   澎湃

原标题:“反转新闻”打了谁的脸

“河南12岁女生被两教师强奸,而警方竟然拒绝立案。”近日这一爆炸性的新闻发生“反转”,涉事女学生承认,强奸的文字是她随便编的,没想到这件事会有这么大的影响。看到这样的结果,那些在网络上猛烈抨击当地警方和政府的人是否会下意识地摸摸自己的脸?其实,也不用感到难为情,近年来被“反转新闻”打脸的人,实在太多了。比如,“丢肾门”事件最终证实肾没丢,还在患者体内,只是萎缩了;“偷鸡腿”事件最终证实,那位偷超市鸡腿给女儿过“六一”的贫穷母亲是个惯偷;而引发众多媒体严肃讨论的“年夜饭分手”事件,最终证实是某少妇和丈夫吵架后,为宣泄情绪而编造的……面对频频反转的新闻,感到羞愧的不应仅仅是新闻的发布者,更应是那些积极转发并评论的旁观者。但实际上很少有旁观者反思自己在其中的角色和作用,更没见有评论者因损害医院、警方、教师等的名誉而道歉。

老实说,能在这些极富刺激性的新闻面前保持冷静客观心态的人是少数,只有具备丰富社会经验和媒体素养的人,才会在事件发生之际问自己“这是真的吗?消息的来源是哪里?有谁去核实过?”绝大多数读者恐怕都按捺不住发言的冲动。之所以如此,是这些新闻本身的性质决定的。大多数发生反转的新闻都涉及教育、医疗、警务以及城乡差别、贫富分化等敏感领域,是最能挑动大众情绪的话题。如同用一块红布在公牛面前抖动,网民们一旦看见这样的话题,很容易情绪化,而顾不得思考事件本身是否为真。

事实证明,任何人都不宜对超出自己经验的事情表达愤怒。在你根本就不知道事情是怎样发生的时候妄加评议,很可能与事实相距甚远。网络舆论频频被“反转新闻”打脸,和许多人在没有了解到事情真相前就急于发言有直接关系。这一特点在互联网兴起后更突出了。网络的即时性、便利性极大地降低了读者参与新闻事件的门槛,但也导致参与者缺少“沉淀”的时间。你第一时间发表了评论,但几天后新闻反转,你的评论就会因基于虚假的事实而失之毫厘、谬以千里。

自媒体兴起后,这种未掌握确凿事实就大肆发言的风气愈演愈烈。与传统媒体相比,自媒体基本丧失了实地采访调查的能力,作为个人,他们也许具备相当丰富的知识和不凡的见识,但这并不能代替实地的采访,不能代替与当事人的直接交流。正因为对事实掌握不充分,许多自媒体在热点新闻中倾向于用观点代替事实,用价值判断替代事实判断,用道德判断替代是非判断。其结果不但损害了自身的信誉,也破坏了舆论环境。

在反转新闻的传播过程中,网络大V的作用不容小视,往往他们的一条评论就能引发数万人跟帖,甚至数十万次转发,造成虚假信息大范围扩散。但“人之患,在好为人师”,“人之难,在自知之明”,人特别容易高估自己,比如有七成的司机认为自己的开车水平高于平均水平,而这是绝不可能的。与此类似,大V们往往有一个错觉,以为自己的认识水平高于别人,对不在自己专业领域的话题也敢发言。其实,即使是在某专业领域知识渊博的权威人士,在面对大众话题时,其认识水平也未必就比别人强。但他们会认为,既然自己掌握的知识比大众多,那么指导社会如何运转、人民如何生活就是他们的责任。但这不过是自欺欺人的幻觉罢了。不少大V因此在反转新闻中被频频打脸。

避免被打脸,必须因智而强,冷静客观地看待热点新闻,在事实尚待核实的情况下“一慢二看三通过”,更要避免情绪化,以免被人“带节奏”带进了沟里。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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