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近年来,在网上不时有侮辱、诋毁、诽谤革命英烈的言论和文章,对国家和社会造成了恶劣的影响。其中的一些言论不仅直指英烈事迹的真伪,往往还有较强的解构功能,直指国家在过去所塑造英雄形象的真实性,打着学术研究、言论自由的旗号,损害英雄形象、解构社会主流价值。针对这一现象和问题,第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过《中华人民共和国民法总则》,增加保护英烈条款,也有代表呼吁针对英烈保护进行专门的单独立法,制定“中华英烈保护法”或“中华人民共和国国家英烈名誉保护法”。之前,最高人民法院曾发布“狼牙山五壮士”等英雄人物人格权益典型案例,在这些案例中,侵犯英烈权益的行为被追究了相应的法律责任,表明了国家司法机关在这一问题上的态度。
为了国家和民族利益,英烈不惜牺牲自己的生命,他们或战死沙场,或献身于促进国家发展的光荣事业。雷锋、邱少云、狼牙山五壮士等英烈的事迹不仅代表着一种弘扬正气的形象和精神风貌,代表着爱国主义和理想主义的牺牲奉献精神,是民族的共同记忆,也是中华文化和社会主义核心价值的重要组成部分。对英烈的诽谤、恶意抹黑,不仅对社会风气造成恶劣影响,而且会对社会秩序和国家利益产生危害,因此强化英烈的名誉保护势在必行。
对于国家英烈、民族英雄的保护,世界各个国家都有严格的规定。比如俄罗斯,虽然苏联解体引发了俄罗斯的社会动荡,也曾有抹黑列宁等英雄人物、诋毁历史英雄的现象,但经过及时纠正,俄罗斯人的“英雄记忆”反而得到了加强。在1993年,时任总统的叶利钦就签署了《卫国烈士纪念法》,以求全面保护国家英雄;随后还颁布了《关于俄罗斯军人荣誉日和纪念日》的联邦法案、《关于苏联英雄、俄罗斯联邦英雄和光荣勋章满级获得者地位》的联邦法和《联邦刑法典》等法律文件。
2006年,时任总统的普京签署了《卫国烈士纪念问题》总统令并提交《卫国烈士纪念法》修正案;在2007年,俄国又将每年12月9日定为“祖国英雄日”。这一系列法律规定,形成了俄罗斯一整套对英烈保护的体系,不仅明确了苏联、俄罗斯英雄应享受的地位和优待,纪念卫国烈士、反法西斯斗争牺牲者的方式;也规定了对损毁烈士墓地、纪念碑和其他纪念设施,侮辱英雄烈士名誉的行为进行刑事处罚。
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