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安倍“觐见”特朗普能收获什么!

2016-11-18 15:31:54   环球时报

美国当选总统特朗普今天将在纽约会晤日本首相安倍晋三,这是特朗普大选获胜后首次会见外国领导人。美国大选结局强烈震动了日本,安倍政府惊慌之余紧急与特朗普团队联系,安倍改变了去秘鲁参加APEC峰会的行程,专门在纽约停留,“觐见”特朗普。

安倍身边的人公开对媒体表示,安倍对这次会见感到“激动”。日本舆论认为安倍将借这个机会与特朗普建立私人关系,各种分析列出从美日同盟关系到TPP等安倍急于与特朗普交流的诸多问题。

在竞选期间,特朗普表现出对美日同盟及美韩同盟的漫不经心,他要求日韩为美国提供的安全保障付费,出钱供养驻日驻韩美军。此外,他斩钉截铁地表示要废掉TPP。如果特朗普大体按照竞选中宣示的那样构建亚太政策,那么日本将是最大输家。

安倍政府根本没料到特朗普会当选,把宝完全押在希拉里身上。如今的实际情况南辕北辙,安倍紧急调整,把身段放到低得不能再低。这也显示了日本政府到了重要时刻什么都肯做、什么弯都肯转的近乎极致的现实主义。

特朗普在交接繁忙而混乱的时刻同意与安倍见面,同样是其灵活性的体现。他的外交团队尚未组建起来,目前恐无能力就亚太重大问题以当选总统身份进行宣示。因此这次会见应当是他与安倍释除前嫌、互示友好的一种安排。特朗普大概也会泛泛说些安抚美国亚太盟友的话。

不过,特朗普不是希拉里,他的亚太政策不太可能像希拉里那样激进。他执政的首要兴趣在于重振美国经济,恢复美国的社会活力。他如果要成为一位“伟大的总统”,这也必须是他有所成就的主攻方向。美国在亚太的同盟关系对维护美国的国家安全早已足够,如果特朗普要继续强化那些同盟关系,就必须有他所认同的额外的美国利益来拉动。

当前,日本与中国外交对立,基本上撕破脸了。但美中之间并不是这样。中美两国既竞争、博弈,又保持合作,在正式场合上互谈友好。安倍很想把美中关系拉到日中关系一样的紧张程度,突出美日同盟对抗中国的性质,引诱美国对华遏制以消耗中国的力量,从而使日本获得更多战略回旋空间。

实际上,美国对华关系的视角要宽阔得多。美国考虑对华关系不只有东亚地缘政治这一个维度,它还有美国经济需要中国的维度,有美中在全球事务中合作的维度,以及全球战略平衡的维度。由于中国是世界第二大经济体,核大国,美国对华关系不能像打摆子那样发作,而必须保持大国关系相对稳定的节奏。

所以特朗普和安倍的出发点肯定是不一样的。安倍政府在政治右倾化和与中国对立的道路上走得太远了,连推行“亚太再平衡”战略的奥巴马政府都有点跟不上了。东京本来指望希拉里更给力些,没想到上来的是特朗普。安倍若想拉着特朗普为日本、甚至是日本右翼的政治私利背书,他肯定会失望的。

在纽约会晤之后,日本方面有可能宣扬会晤的成果,向世界显示美日同盟如何坚如磐石,没准还能把特朗普的某句话解释成维护TPP生命的氧气罐。但是美日在亚太问题上的分歧本就存在,安倍与特朗普的分歧甚至大于美日的分歧,这一点无论怎么说都是掩饰不掉的。

安倍政府推行偏执的外交路线,这是日本战略被动的根本原因,否则的话,堂堂日本首相也用不着美国换个总统就如此惊慌,好像天要塌了一样。也用不着因为特朗普一句安抚的话就受宠若惊,如沐恩泽。日本人值得想一想,现在是不是他们的国家在外交上好像很拉风,同时却最有求于很多国家、见了谁都要点头哈腰的时候?

责任编辑:陈倩
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