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菲律宾“切割”伎俩无法否定中国南沙群岛的整体性

2016-05-30 08:55:09   中国新闻网

菲律宾单方面提起并执意推动仲裁案,是披着法律外衣的政治挑衅,其实质不是为了解决争端,而是妄图否定中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。为掩盖其非法目的,菲律宾蓄意篡改中菲之间的领土主权与海域划界争端的实质,在仲裁诉求中对南沙群岛作了“切割”,只要求仲裁庭对其声称的“中国占领或控制的”岛礁的海洋权利进行判定。

菲律宾对中国南沙群岛的“切割”伎俩,严重侵犯了中国主权和领土完整。众所周知,中国历来对整个南沙群岛享有主权,并得到国际社会的承认与默许,中国南沙群岛的整体性是南海问题中至关重要的法律事实。菲律宾在仲裁诉求中刻意不提南沙群岛中的其他岛礁,包括至今仍为菲律宾非法侵占或主张的岛礁,妄图否定中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益,洗白菲律宾对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的非法侵占行径。菲律宾还严重违反了“一个中国”原则,刻意将中国台湾驻守的南沙群岛最大岛屿——太平岛排除在“中国占领或控制”的岛礁之外。菲律宾该仲裁诉求显然是对中国对南沙群岛领土主权的公然挑战。

菲律宾对中国南沙群岛的“切割”伎俩,严重侵犯了中国依据南沙群岛整体享有的海洋权利。按照《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)确定中国南沙群岛的海洋权利,必须充分考虑南沙群岛整体性这一基本事实。2011年4月14日,中国常驻联合国代表团就有关南海问题致联合国秘书长的第CML/8/2011号照会中明确指出,按照《公约》与中国国内海洋立法的有关规定,中国的南沙群岛拥有领海、专属经济区和大陆架。然而,菲律宾试图将南沙群岛“碎片化”,主张逐个地判定菲律宾所选南沙岛礁的领土法律地位,并认为这些岛礁属于《公约》第121条第3款意义上的“岩礁”或低潮高地,最多享有12海里领海权利。菲律宾该诉求显然是对中国基于南沙群岛整体性的海洋权利的肆意扭曲。

菲律宾对中国南沙群岛的“切割”伎俩,也凸显出菲律宾试图规避该仲裁诉求的领土主权与海域划界争端实质。领土主权争端超出《公约》的调整范围,不涉及《公约》的解释或适用,故不适用仲裁等强制争端解决程序。海域划界争端则已被中国于2006年根据《公约》作出的排除性声明排除,同样不适用仲裁等强制争端解决程序。仲裁庭对菲律宾该仲裁诉求明显缺乏管辖权,而菲律宾试图通过“切割”伎俩蒙混过关,是对《公约》强制争端解决程序的滥用。

仲裁庭对菲律宾“切割”伎俩的恶意背书,严重偏离了第三方程序应有的公正立场与审慎品格。《公约》附件七第9条规定,在一方不参与仲裁的情况下,仲裁法庭在作出裁决前,必须不但查明对该争端确有管辖权,而且查明所提要求在事实上和法律上均确有根据。如果“南海仲裁案”仲裁庭严格以事实为依据、以法律为准绳,就应该充分尊重中国南沙群岛整体性的基本事实,驳回菲律宾“切割”南沙群岛的无理要求,裁决对菲律宾所提仲裁事项缺乏管辖权。然而,仲裁庭罔顾南沙群岛整体性这一基本事实,执意为菲律宾“切割”伎俩背书,执意越权仲裁。更有甚者,仲裁庭公然扭曲中国立场,将中国立场中反映南沙群岛整体性的表述篡改为体现南沙岛礁“碎片化”的表述。显然,仲裁庭已彻底沦为菲律宾的代理人,毫无客观、公正性可言。

菲律宾对南沙群岛的“切割”伎俩,以及仲裁庭的恶意背书,充分表明“南海仲裁案”是一场走了调、变了味的仲裁。这一自始非法无效的仲裁影响不了南沙群岛整体性的既定事实与中国的合法权益。

(作者为国际法学者。本文刊发于5月24日《环球时报》,原题为《菲律宾对南沙耍“切割”伎俩》)

《人民日报》(2016年05月30日03版)

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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