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新华社九问南海仲裁案:不承认结果是否违反国际法?

2016-05-15 13:47:14   澎湃新闻网


当地时间2014年6月30日,菲律宾与美国海军在南海举行代号为“卡拉特”的联合军事演习。

新华网北京5月15日消息,应菲律宾请求建立的南海仲裁案仲裁庭将于近期作出裁决。菲律宾单方面提起并推动南海仲裁案,在国际上闹得沸沸扬扬,中国官方密集表态回应驳斥,学界、民间广泛关注。仲裁案由何而来?菲律宾强推目的何在?中国如何应对?……

新华社“新华视点”记者梳理了各界关注的九个问题,并采访有关政府部门官员、法学专家、历史学者,就上述问题一一作答。

一问:南海仲裁案由何而来? 

2013年1月22日,菲律宾外交部照会中国驻菲大使馆称,菲律宾就中菲有关南海“海洋管辖权”争端提起强制仲裁,并声称其依据是《联合国海洋法公约》有关规定。中国政府多次郑重声明,不接受、不参与菲律宾提起的仲裁。

2014年12月7日,中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件,全面系统阐述中国不接受、不参与仲裁以及仲裁庭对本案明显没有管辖权的立场和理据。

然而,在菲律宾执意推动下,仲裁庭仍然强行推进程序。目前,仲裁庭已完成对实体问题的审理,并将于近期作出最终裁决。

“自上世纪70年代以来,菲律宾长期非法侵占中国南沙岛礁并大搞建设。现在却贼喊捉贼,滥用《公约》争端解决机制单方面提起仲裁,是一种‘恶意起诉’和讹诈行为。”中国社会科学院边疆研究所研究员李国强说。

二问:菲律宾为何要提南海仲裁案? 

据外交部条法司司长徐宏介绍,2013年1月23日,在菲律宾启动仲裁程序的第二天,菲外交部就发布了一份文件,明确把提请仲裁的目的描述为“保护我们国家的领土和海洋区域”,声称不要“放弃我们的国家主权”,把真实意图很露骨地讲了出来。

“菲律宾执意单方面提起南海仲裁案,实质目的是通过仲裁这种手段将其非法侵占的中国南沙岛礁据为己有,从法律上否定中国的领土主权和海洋权益。”中国政法大学国际法学院教授马呈元说。

武汉大学国际法研究所执行理事长曾令良说,作为解决问题的一种法律途径,“仲裁”乍一听是能为国际社会普遍接受的做法。而菲律宾的单方面行为正是利用了人们的这种心理,具有较强的欺骗性和迷惑性。

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