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房地产调控长效机制 轮廓逐渐显现

2017-10-14 07:02:54   

■李宇嘉

10月10日,在国务院新闻办新闻发布会上,国家发改委副主任、国家统计局局长宁吉喆表示,房地产长效机制正在紧锣密鼓制定,会适时出台。同步,新华社刊发了一篇题为《房地产调控长效机制正紧锣密鼓制定》的电讯稿,字数不长但信号意义彰显。

众所周知,本世纪开启楼市调控以来,需求端着力的“短期化”干预,一直是楼市调控的主基调。这种“指哪打哪”、短期问题导向,需求控制式的调控模式,供给端革新力度有限,被认为是楼市“屡调屡涨”、住房偏离居住属性、房价快速上涨及上涨预期难破的重要原因。由此,各界对建立长效机制的呼声很高。

正如宁吉喆所言,党的十八大以来,各地因地制宜、因城施策,房地产调控的效果是好的:三四线城市整体库存消化周期已降至18个月的警戒线以内;投资投机需求基本褪去,京沪深龙头代理中介统计的投资客占比降至4%,这是历史最低值。同时,利用调控创设的难得的“窗口期”,长效机制建设全面启动。相对于短期调控,长效机制建设着力于供给端(非需求端)、着力于住房回归居住属性(非偏离居住属性)、着力于实现新市民的有效需求(非投资投机等无效需求)、着力于房地产和宏观经济相得益彰(非“工具化”)。目前,长效机制的轮廓眉目渐显。

首先,在楼市的源头——土地供应环节,过去“价高者得”的“招拍挂”出让模式,完全被“控地价、竞配建(租赁住房或自持)”或完全自持的出让模式替代。

一方面,这种出让模式完全规避了过去“面粉价格推高面包价格”的逻辑;另一方面,不管是配建租赁住房还是公共设施,或企业自持,都是顺应新市民为主体的住房需求,这是住房回归居住属性在供地环节的应有之义;最后,土地涨价逻辑褪去,土地供应面向新市民了,地方政府“土地财政”自然消解。近期,各地“人口争夺战”硝烟漫起,落户门槛降低,竭力修补公共服务欠账,意味着地方开始从依赖土地转向依赖人口。因为,有了人就有了消费、投资,也就有了税收和经济增长。

土地供应环节最重大的革新,就在于集体土地入市改革“破冰”。近期,国土部和住建部下发《集体建设用地建设租赁住房试点方案》,决定在北京、上海等13个超大或大城市先行试点。目前,新市民、农村“留守人群”、大学毕业生、城镇无房户,总人口在4亿-5亿人,相当于现有城镇常住人口的80%。目前,高房价背景下,单靠新地出让、盘活存量,难以满足新市民借助低成本租赁在城市“安顿”下来的诉求。

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