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信用风险如影随形 择券仍需精耕细作

2017-10-13 07:17:53   

本周以来,银行间现券市场呈现出弱势震荡的格局。

从信用市场来看,截至10月11日收盘,银行间中短期票据收益率整体窄幅波动。具体而言,中短期票据收益率曲线(AAA)6月期微跌1BP至4.42%,1年期下探1BP至4.54%。中短期票据收益率曲线(AAA)3年期下行1BP至4.63%,5年期回调1BP至4.74%。

显然,在防风险、严监管与偏紧流动性预期等负面因素的袭扰下,债市收益率的短期下行空间受到了制约。

此外,9月末再次出现的违约风险事件,亦给投资者心头增添了一丝阴霾。

9月28日,四川省煤炭产业集团有限责任公司(以下简称“川煤集团”)再次发生债券违约事件,“14川煤炭PPN002”仅兑付了当日到期的利息0.39亿元,因煤炭行业周期性调整、新发债券困难等因素影响,未能兑付本金5亿元,构成实质违约。

毫无疑问,在供给侧结构性改革,去产能、去杠杆延续的大背景下,来自周期性行业的个体信用风险依然不可小觑。

“在我国能源结构不断优化调整的背景下,煤炭在中国一次能源消费结构中所占的比重虽已从2012年的70%左右下降到了2016年的61.8%,但仍远高于世界28.1%的平均水平。”联合资信工商二部总经理李小建指出,“现阶段,因开采成本高、经营管理粗放等原因出现大额亏损的煤炭企业仍不在少数。展望后续,对于行业内的企业来说,持续分化料成大势所趋。其中,资源储备好、煤种煤质优良、煤炭开采成本低、具备较多先进产能矿井、区域地理位置突出、煤炭产业延伸完善、再融资渠道稳定的煤炭企业竞争优势将进一步强化,抗风险能力不断加强。而开采条件差、生产成本高、落后产能多、地理位置较差、外部支持力度弱、融资渠道有限的煤炭企业可能将面临一定的经营压力,存在风险爆发的可能。”

事实上,通过对中债市场隐含评级的观察,我们也发现信用风险依旧如影随形,未曾远离。

“8月末,中债市场隐含评级与评级公司评级一致的占比仅约50%,其余50%的中债市场隐含评级均低于评级公司评级。”中债估值中心债券估值部高级经理李妍介绍,“当月中债市场隐含评级变动的债券共387只,其中评级下调债券多达299只,涉及发行主体47家,以基础设施建设类企业、房地产企业为主。由于市场对地方基础设施建设投融资主体的认可度出现进一步分化,对房地产行业持较为谨慎的态度,因此相关发行人债券的一级、二级市场价格均支持市场隐含评级的调降。”

来自中金公司的研究观点亦认为,经过三季度的市场波动,目前信用利差(尤其是中长期品种)整体又回到历史低位,所有行业利差进一步压缩的空间都比较有限。展望后市,各机构需要更多关注之前绝对利差已经过度压缩,未来可能有扩大风险的行业,比如城投以及受上游成本压制的中下游行业。另外房地产行业的利差虽然已经有所走扩,可行业面临的流动性风险挑战要到明年才会真正到来。尽管待行业利差进一步拉开,其中的优质品种可能出现良好配置机会,但对低资质个券还是应该予以警惕,谨防踩雷。

总而言之,市场规律作用下的违约事件发生已逐步成为常态,后续精细化择券仍是重中之重。

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