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快递价格上涨早就有迹可循

2017-10-12 09:37:54   

在一年一度的购物节“双11”来临之前1个月,中通快递突然宣布涨价。10月10日,中通快递宣布,今年以来,快递业受运输成本增加、人工成本提升、原材料价格上涨等多种因素影响,中通快递集团经综合考虑,决定从即日起调整快递价格。继中通快递之后,11日韵达速递也宣布从即日起,对快件价格进行调整。(澎湃新闻)

行业旺季将至之际,中通、韵达相继宣布提价。这一突然而来的消息,在很多人看来早就有迹可循。一段时间以来,关于快递行业成本高企、利润微薄的舆论铺垫持续不断,相关企业的“涨价”冲动压抑多时,付诸实施只是早晚的事情。而从现实市场格局来看,随着价格大战的终结,进入相对稳定期的快递行业,客观上也有了“涨价”的动力和底气。

有统计数据显示,不少快递企业还处于微利、无利乃至亏损的状态。如此局面之所以能够长期维系,很大程度上还是源于资本扩张下的烧钱补贴。在行业发展的初期,快递企业的重心都集中于做大规模、抢占份额,“盈利能力”并不被过多考量。然而时至今日,由于绝大多数中小快递公司败走离场,剩下的几家核心快递公司市场座次基本排定,全行业隐约进入巨头时代。这些,都为“涨价”奠定了基础。

我们都知道,任何一个行业早期不惜代价的烧钱补贴,必然是为了在行业成熟期收割更多“超额利润”。这一逻辑,同样适用于快递业。在快递公司涨价已成定局的前提下,其到底会“涨”到何种程度,才是真正值得关注的问题。试问,在如今的市场格局下,我们是不是还有足够的工具或条件,来有效限制快递价格可能的“不合理上涨”?

回溯行业发展史不难发现,约束快递价格过快上涨的力量,其实主要还是来自于两个层面。其一,就是充分的同业竞争。数家大型快递企业的同时存在,极大降低了全行业短时间内大幅度提价的可能性。比如说,此次中通、韵达宣布涨价之后,便有一些快递公司发声“不会跟进”;其二,则是“电商—快递”的二元博弈结构。一直以来,电商都在利用自身货源优势和“大客户”身份压低快递价格,在可以预期的未来,这一机制势必会继续起作用。

所以,就现在看来,快递企业即便涨价,也还远没有到“随心所欲”的地步。当然了,对普通的民众来说,还是应该直面市场新动向并形成理性的价格预期和消费习惯。终究,“白菜价寄快递”的年代一去不复返了。这既是理所当然的事情,也是早可预见的结果。蒋璟璟

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