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中国人民银行决定对普惠金融实施定向降准政策

2017-09-30 17:21:51   

央广网9月30日消息 根据国务院部署,为支持金融机构发展普惠金融业务,聚焦单户授信500万元以下的小微企业贷款、个体工商户和小微企业主经营性贷款,以及农户生产经营、创业担保、建档立卡贫困人口、助学等贷款,人民银行决定统一对上述贷款增量或余额占全部贷款增量或余额达到一定比例的商业银行实施定向降准政策,从2018年起实施。

具体而言,凡前一年上述贷款余额或增量占比达到1.5%的商业银行,存款准备金率可在人民银行公布的基准档基础上下调0.5个百分点;前一年上述贷款余额或增量占比达到10%的商业银行,存款准备金率可按累进原则在第一档基础上再下调1个百分点。

附:中国人民银行有关负责人就对普惠金融实施定向降准政策答记者问

1、与原来的定向降准政策相比,此次对普惠金融实施的定向降准政策有哪些变化?

答:人民银行一直注重创新调控方式,在保持总量适度的基础上,适当发挥结构引导作用。运用差异化的存款准备金政策支持结构调整就是其中的一种探索,2014年即开始对小微企业和“三农”领域实施定向降准政策。特别是县域农村金融机构信贷投放集中在小微企业和“三农”领域,较早就享受了幅度较大的定向降准政策,其存款准备金率大幅低于全部存款类金融机构的平均水平,且满足新增存款一定比例用于当地贷款的达标县域农村金融机构,还可享受一个百分点的存款准备金率优惠。

此次对普惠金融实施定向降准政策,是根据国务院部署对原有定向降准政策的拓展和优化,以更好地引导金融机构发展普惠金融业务。一方面,原有定向降准的领域主要是小微企业和“三农”贷款,此次对普惠金融实施定向降准政策不仅覆盖了上述贷款,还将政策延伸到脱贫攻坚和“双创”等其他普惠金融领域贷款,政策外延更加完整和丰富。另一方面,对普惠金融实施定向降准政策还对原有政策标准进行了优化,聚焦真小微、真普惠,指向单户授信500万元以下的小微企业贷款、个体工商户和小微企业主经营性贷款,以及农户生产经营、创业担保、建档立卡贫困人口、助学等贷款,政策精准性和有效性显著提高。

2、对普惠金融实施定向降准政策的考核标准为何分为两档?

答:对普惠金融实施定向降准政策保留了原有两档考核标准的政策框架。第一档是前一年普惠金融领域贷款余额或增量占比达到1.5%的,存款准备金率可在基准档基础上下调0.5个百分点。这一标准基本适应绝大多数商业银行普惠金融领域贷款的实际投放情况,有助于鼓励其将信贷资源持续向普惠金融领域倾斜。第二档是前一年普惠金融领域贷款余额或增量占比达到10%的,存款准备金率可按累进原则在第一档基础上再下调1个百分点,优惠幅度更大。当然,这一档标准相对较高,只有在普惠金融领域贷款投放较为突出的商业银行才能达到,但这有利于建立正向激励机制,也属定向降准政策题中应有之义。

按现有数据测算,对普惠金融实施定向降准政策可覆盖全部大中型商业银行、约90%的城商行和约95%的非县域农商行。由于2018年初对普惠金融领域贷款首次考核时将使用2017年年度数据,一些商业银行还可以通过在今年后3个月中更多地将新增或盘活的信贷资源配置到普惠金融领域从而满足考核标准,一些商业银行还可能从第一档进阶到第二档,政策的正向激励作用将得以体现。

3、对普惠金融实施定向降准政策是否意味着货币政策转向?

答:对普惠金融实施定向降准政策并不改变稳健货币政策的总体取向。对普惠金融实施定向降准政策建立了增加普惠金融领域贷款投放的正向激励机制,有助于促进金融资源向普惠金融倾斜,优化信贷结构,这属于一种结构性的政策。同时,定向降准政策释放的流动性也是符合总量调控要求的,银行体系流动性保持基本稳定。下一步,人民银行将继续实施稳健中性的货币政策,引导货币信贷和社会融资规模平稳适度增长,为经济稳定增长和供给侧结构性改革营造良好的货币金融环境。

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