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CAR-T疗法取得重要突破 银河生物能否借此弯道超车

2017-09-28 21:12:51   

近年来,细胞免疫治疗方法愈发受到人们的关注,其中,最具代表性的嵌合抗原受体T细胞(Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, CAR-T),也是最早在临床上显示出效果的细胞免疫治疗方法。

2017年,CAR-T细胞免疫治疗技术发展取得重要突破,获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的认可,诺华的首款CAR-T产品获批上市,业内有人称2017年为CAR-T元年。CAR-T的突破带动了行业的发展,国内众多涉足CAR-T的企业,也被寄予了高度的期望。以处于业务转型期的银河生物为例,其能否凭借CAR-T疗法,实现弯道超车?

技术的安全性是关键

CAR-T疗法一直被认为是世界上细胞免疫治疗的前沿技术,作为精准治疗、靶向治疗的疗法,在国外的研究中,CAR-T疗法在对肿瘤的治疗中显示出了良好的效果。诺华、JUNO、Kite和Cellectis等国外优秀的医药企业在CAR-T疗法的研究上走在了世界的前列。

美国东部时间8月31日,FDA官网宣布,批准诺华的CAR-T疗法Kymriah(tisagenlecleucel)上市,用于治疗罹患B细胞前体急性淋巴性白血病(ALL),且病情难治或出现两次及以上复发的25岁以下患者,这是获得批准的首款CAR-T疗法,也是在美国境内FDA批准的首款基因疗法。

然而就在CAR-T疗法发展突飞猛进的时候,9月4日却传来了食品药品监督管理局(FDA)暂停法国生物制药公司Cellectis正在进行的CAR-T临床试验的消息,原因是该公司的试验中出现了首例死亡病例。

CAR-T疗法让人们看到了战胜肿瘤的希望,同时CAR-T的不确定性也给这项技术带来一丝阴影。安全性始终是CAR-T影响技术发展的重要因素,实际上,除诺华之外,Kite和Juno等企业的CAR-T临床试验中,都曾经出现过不良反应事件。

行业专家表示,CAR-T疗效的显著在于免疫细胞的强化,但这也是引发致命问题的源头。因为需要对患者自身T细胞进行重新“编辑”及“回输”,在这一过程中,免疫系统常被过度激活而攻击机体,可能引发十分凶险反应甚至导致患者死亡。安全性是影响CAR-T技术的关键,这也值得国内研发CAR-T技术的单位注意。

银河生物能否弯道超车

需要指出的是,CAR-T是为数不多的中国不落后于西方国家的药品研发领域,甚至在某些方向上还可能会取得领先。实际上,国内创新的医药企业在CAR-T技术的临床研究上,亦跻身第一梯队。据美国临床试验网站结果显示,中国登记开展CAR-T临床研究项目有135项,已经在数量上超过欧洲,仅次于美国。

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