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利用月差和曲线结构预测原油库存变化

2017-09-28 09:47:51   

数据选取

本文选取的解释变量包括原油价格趋势、曲线结构、M1-M3价差绝对数值,目的是为了预测未来原油库存变化。数据选取美国商业原油库存周数据(代表库存变化趋势)和Brent M1-M3价差周数据(代表价格变化,目前市场应用最广泛)。

由于全球库存数据难以收集完整,且不准确,这里用美国商业原油库存数据来代表全球商业原油的库存,并利用ICE Brent价格走势代表一个总体价格和价差的变化趋势。

通过对数据进行观察可以发现,原油库存存在明显的季节性,为了更好地分析价差对库存的影响,这里对库存进行了季节性调整;同时为了剔除单个数据波动的影响,更好地反映决策者的逻辑,一般参考价格取最近4个数据的平均价。

选取2008年1月18日—2017年7月21日的库存数据,是为了覆盖较全面的信息,更好地反映近几年的变化。数据周期太长的话,更多的不定因素会干扰模型。

为了方便描述,这里用M1-M3表示第一个月减去第三个月合约的价差,即行业普遍使用的月差。用MV4代表价差周数据,前4个数据的平均值。6W表示基于现在的库存水平,6周后的变化量。

在选择月差对库存影响的传导周期时候,标准依据有两个:一是C(Contango,升水)结构下,上涨次数最多;二是B(Backwardation,贴水)结构下,上涨次数较少。同时,为了防止结构性影响,本文将时间周期按照上述办法分为3个阶段,最后再统一概括。

历史分段研究

第一阶段(2014年年中—2017年):C结构

选择6W作为传导周期的原因,统计结果如下表所示:

在C结构下,2014年年中—2017年和2008—2010年这两个阶段,和其他时间相比,6W时间传导最有效。库存6周后变化的情况,在2014年年中—2017年,有153个数据,其中有101个数据是上涨的,上涨对应的价差平均是-1.2。B结构下,2011—2014年这个阶段,6W的上涨周数不是最少,但与其他时间比,差距不大,所以选择6W作为月差的传导时间。

图为2014年年中—2017年Brent价格走势

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