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新花成本或为国内棉价年度高点

2017-09-27 10:02:53   

下跌的时间窗口将在10月中旬打开

金秋九月,极端天气侵扰并未撼动全球棉花大幅增产的大格局,郑棉在美盘刺激下经历了一波接近千点的过山车行情。在棉价振荡偏空的背景下,如何看待籽棉抢收和“金九银十”带来的交易机会呢?

预期偏差改变棉花市场格局

2017年5月之前,全球棉市的主要交易逻辑是“2016/2017年度棉花减产去库存”,棉价振荡偏多;5月之后,主要交易逻辑为“2017/2018年度棉花增产累库存”,棉价振荡偏空。自USDA发布新年度供需预估以来,全球棉花主产国增产压力逐月增大,“去库存”预期逐步扭转为“累库存”预期。在预期偏差引导下,“去库存”预期形成的估值泡沫破裂,棉价通过振荡下行方式完成了对“累库存”预期下的价值重估。据笔者计算,美棉对CRB估值从5月的46.84跌至9月的37.98,郑棉对国内大宗商品的估值从5月的12.93跌至9月的11.04。由于棉花季产年销的特性,目前增产大局基本确定,预计2018年3月底前棉价将保持低位运行。

国际市场,USDA预估2017/2018年度全球棉花产量大增305万吨达到2629万吨。然而,全球棉花消费预估仅小幅增加88.5万吨达到2563.7万吨,供过于求使得全球棉花期末库存增加64.5万吨达到2014.7万吨。从2015/2016年度开始的“去库存”周期结束,“累库存”周期出现并得到加强。纵观历史,棉价与库存有明显的负相关关系,基本奠定了2017/2018年度全球棉价振荡偏空的主基调。

国内市场,情况略好于国际市场,去库存趋势仍在,但后市供应压力不可小觑。据笔者调研,疆棉产量预计465万吨,地产棉产量预计80万吨,国内棉花总产量预计545万吨,高于USDA预估值。抛储即将结束,截至9月25日累计成交310.28万吨储备棉,预计2017年储备棉成交总量将达到322万吨,远超2016/2017年度国内211.6万吨的缺口。多出来的储备棉将结转到新年度,且2018年仍会进行储备棉轮出,因此国内棉花供应宽松。笔者预计2018年3月底之前,郑棉大势振荡偏空但强于美棉,“内强外弱”的结构化行情会维持。

籽棉抢收和旺季行情将助推棉价反弹

截至9月24日,全国累计加工皮棉6.65万吨,新疆累计加工6.29万吨,其中地方3.48万吨,兵团2.81万吨。新疆籽棉大批量采收开始,后市籽棉将大量上市。疆内轧花产能约600万吨,相对过剩的产能催生了籽棉抢收行情,推动价格不断上涨,目前新疆籽棉最高收购价已攀升到7.6元/公斤,平均收购价大约在7.3元/公斤。按照衣分41、损耗1、棉籽价格1.8元/公斤、加工费1200元/吨(含财务费用)折算,新花平均生产成本为16800元/吨。

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