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债市重心将小幅上移

2017-09-26 09:47:54   中国经济网

随着“双节”临近及季末时间节点到来,市场资金需求激增。为应对流动性冲击,央行近期频繁在公开市场进行大额净投放。虽然央行大额净投放仅为了应对短期流动性冲击,但稳定了市场预期,一定程度上提振了市场信心。

近期,标普对我国信用评级进行下调、美联储缩表路径确定等利空因素不断扰动债市。但在央行“削峰填谷”操作下,央行维稳流动性态度较为坚定,市场对未来预期相对乐观。从IRR、持仓量来看,市场行情短期偏强。

公开市场延续削峰填谷操作,维持流动性基本稳定。周一(9月25日),央行公告称,临近月末财政支出力度加大,可一定程度对冲央行逆回购到期、政府债券发行缴款等因素。为维护银行体系流动性基本稳定,央行于9月25日以利率招标方式开展了2000亿元逆回购操作,包括14天1600亿元、28天期400亿元逆回购,中标利率分别为2.60%、2.75%,均与上次持平。当日有2800亿元逆回购到期,单日净回笼800亿元。虽然当日央行净回笼,但其在14天操作上投放量较大,主要应对跨界需求。央行近期操作延续其“削峰填谷”作风,虽然未有宽松信号,但维稳流动性基本稳定的态度较为坚定,这将极大提振债市信心。

IRR持续走高,市场情绪好转。IRR是买入现券、卖出国债期货至交割的正向套利,此指标越高,反映市场对后市越乐观,即国债期货高于现券价格,市场预期后市债券价格将继续上涨。在今年一二季度,此指标大部分时间为负值,即国债期货为贴水状态,但三季度以来,此指标持续走好。目前五年期国债、十年期国债期货主力合约对应流动性最好可交割券的IRR均超过4%,从这一指标看,未来一段时间债市继续反弹概率较大。

从持仓量来看,十债强于五债,主力看涨力量较强。一般而言,十债代表债券市场的主要方向,债券上涨时,十债涨幅远超五债;同理,下跌时,十债跌幅远超五债。市场套利者,在行情上涨时,可进行多十债、空五债操作,反之亦然。对应到持仓量上,如果五债前20主力持仓的净空持仓较大,十债净前20主力持仓的多持仓较多,那么后市主力看涨力量较强,目前市场正是这一格局。

技术上看,上周国债期货先抑后扬,前四个交易日基本回吐前期涨幅,周五出现反弹,十债表现强于五债。十债主力连续合约本轮反弹冲破120日均线压力,回调止于20日均线支撑,中期均线发出看多信号。五债主力连续合约始终未能突破120日均线压力,中期均线走平,短期均线也未有明显信号出现。十债主连周线多条均线粘合,市场连续多周处于短期均线之上,短期仍处反弹中。

标普下调我国信用评级,对债市影响有限。标普9月21日将中国主权信用评级从AA-下调至A+。标普在其报告中指出,“长时间的强劲信贷增长提高了中国的经济金融风险”。一般而言,一国信用评级遭遇下调,表明该国信用质量遭到怀疑,其主权信用发债成本将会增加,即利率上涨,债券价格下跌。但是从我国基本面来看,各项指标都相对稳定,此评级对我国债券市场影响十分有限,债市近期走势也能证明这一观点。

整体来看,目前市场相对稳定。在经过三个季度的底部区间振荡后,虽然市场面临诸多利空因素,譬如美联储加息与国内资产价格泡沫等因素,但债市重心不再下行,市场进入一个新的稳定区间。央行对未来预期引导更加明确,市场信心将得到一定程度恢复,债券价格重心有望小幅上行。

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