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塑料 近强远弱依旧

2017-09-25 09:46:53   中国经济网

塑料消费旺季来临,下游农膜开工率持续提升,通常这种趋势会延续至10月底或11月初,在此阶段,塑料需求将会明显改善。二季度装置集中检修使得石化库存快速消化,近期一直维持在低位,那么在消费旺季,石化库存很难积累,甚至有进一步去库存的可能,因此低库存现状短期难以改变,这对塑料价格将会产生有力支撑。

然而,塑料产量已经恢复至高位,利润丰厚支撑装置高负荷运行,预计三四季度塑料产量都将在较高水平。进口方面,因贸易盈利可观进口量也有大量增加的可能,一旦进口货源集中流入,国内库存将迅速积累,对价格构成下行压力。

旺季来临,需求有所改善

通常5月是农膜生产最清淡的时期,装置开工率为年内最低水平,自6月、7月起装置开工率触底回升,并开始持续提高,直至11月初达到年内最高位。由于下游企业需要提前采购原料,因此,9月塑料需求逐渐步入消费旺季,并延续至10月,而对应5月则为塑料需求最为疲弱时期。包装膜季节性规律虽然不及农膜显著,但是三四季度也是逐渐提高的过程。

二季度装置密集检修,PE装置开工率最低下降到70%左右,因此,尽管当时处于消费淡季,但是供应收缩使得石化库存快速下降。7月下旬起,随着前期检修装置重启,供应量逐渐增加,而市场需求依然偏弱,石化库存小幅积累,但是仍处于低位,且明显低于往年同期水平,这也是支撑塑料前期大幅上涨的主要原因。那么,进入消费旺季,需求改善将利于石化库存保持在较低水平。今年受环保影响,旺季需求启动相对缓慢,但是农膜生产有一定的刚需性质,对原料需求仍将逐渐增加。

利润丰厚或致供应压力凸显

目前原油整体仍处于低位振荡阶段,油制烯烃成本偏低,而6月以来塑料价格大幅上涨,油制塑料生产利润可观,8月平均利润在3000元/吨以上。

煤制烯烃的生产成本虽然因煤炭价格上涨明显提高,但是聚烯烃强势使得煤制烯烃的生产利润依旧丰厚,8月平均利润在3600元/吨以上。

PE企业在高利润刺激下生产动力十足,近期PE整体开工率维持在90%以上,部分原计划检修的装置也推迟停车,预计三季度PE产量较二季度增加7%,LLDPE则为11%。四季度PE检修较少,且神华宁煤投产,因此PE和LLDPE产量仍将保持高位。

进口方面,首先,根据季节性规律,通常三季度进口量会因消费旺季来临环比明显增加。其次,自6月以来LLDPE进口开始出现盈利,并且近期利润一直保持在高位,那么高利润必然会导致进口量增加,这和去年四季度的情况十分类似,如果进口货源大量涌入,塑料价格势必会承压下跌,只是当前受飓风影响美国出口至我国的数量有限。

操作策略

短期塑料仍有需求旺季支撑,期价调整结束后可以考虑逢低做多,但是旺季过后,供应压力凸显,届时塑料或将有一轮较大的下跌行情,届时再以抛空操作为主。

另外,从需求季节性规律来看,1801是旺季合约,而1805是淡季合约,同时库存短期偏低,而旺季后存在累库预期,因此,多1801空1805合约正套可以参与。

需要注意的风险因素:一是短期做多的风险,比如旺季需求证伪,进口量猛增。二是旺季后做空的风险,比如装置出现意外停车检修的情况,产量不及预期。

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