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价格和毛利率双双“跳水”锂电隔膜企业却密集扩产

2017-09-25 07:21:53   中国经济网

每经记者 欧阳凯 每经编辑 赵 桥

近日,锂电板块持续“高烧”不退。而在锂电四大关键材料中,由于较高的技术壁垒,隔膜企业毛利率一直在整个新能源产业中处于高位,受到资本关注。

《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,在行业环境影响下,锂电隔膜价格、毛利率均出现明显下滑,以星源材质(300568,SZ)为例,今年上半年营业收入同比下降2.79%,为2.47亿元;净利润同比下滑23.74%,为7091.73万元,其锂离子电池隔膜毛利率为53.69%,同比下降10.05个百分点,其他隔膜企业毛利率也出现不同程度回落。

不过即使如此,国产隔膜企业依旧大规模扩产,多家隔膜企业先后发布扩产信息,扩产规模均在千万平方米以上。这背后有何种原因?

干法隔膜价格降幅超10%

9月22日,星源材质披露了投资者活动记录表。星源材质方面在接受机构投资者调研时称,湿法隔膜自2016年开始供不应求,到2018年市场湿法产能得到释放前价格会相对比较平稳;干法隔膜由于2017上半年受国家补贴政策退坡影响,价格有10%~15%的降幅。

自2014年开始,锂电隔膜的价格就不断下降,一方面随着隔膜国产化的不断推进,国产隔膜对进口隔膜的替代加速,价格随之降低;另一方面隔膜企业产能不断释放,市场竞争不断加剧,隔膜企业的议价能力也被削弱。

在锂电池成本结构中,隔膜成本约占锂电池成本的10%到20%,今年以来,伴随动力电池降本呼声日益高涨,车企倒逼电池企业降价,高毛利的隔膜行业,在面临动力电池成本压力传导以及供求关系改变下,价格也开始承压。

一位隔膜企业的营销人士向记者透露,目前干法单拉隔膜均价已跌至3元/㎡,双拉跌至2元/㎡,湿法跌至4.1元/㎡,干法价格下降得比较厉害。总体而言是低端产能的价格大幅度下降,高端的价格降幅稍小,不少厂家为了争夺市场,也会刻意压低价格。

根据起点研究报告,由于湿法隔膜产能短期内仍未得到大规模扩充,当前湿法隔膜价格下降空间较小,随着各企业产能扩充及有效释放,在2019年和2020年,将会出现比较大的价格下降幅度,预计到2020年,中国湿法隔膜市场均价在3.5元/㎡左右。

不过,对于隔膜价格的下降,星源材质方面则表示,上游企业新能源汽车、电池的价格也在下降,作为材料的锂电池隔膜价格下降也是正常的。一方面隔膜生产厂家在产能、规模方面的急剧提升;另一方面也是通过管理提升、技术进步使得成本持续下降,但价格的下降始终是有底限的,价格下降的幅度会趋缓。

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