新闻 > 经济
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China

深化铁路改革是攻坚战和持久战

2017-09-24 07:36:52   中国经济网

最近关于铁路深化改革的舆论成为热点,众说纷纭,各种观点鱼龙混杂,甚至有所谓的专家提出“拆分铁路网”,民间层面担忧铁路私有化等等。作为在铁路行业各主要层面从业超过20年,对铁路发展研究评点10多年的观察者,笔者认为,当前深化铁路改革,应该回答三个问题:一是为什么要深化改革?二是怎样深化改革?三是改革责任谁来担?

为什么要深化铁路改革?

在中央全面深化改革的总目标下,将国企改革目标确定为“做强做优做大国企”,这是讨论深化铁路改革的前提。学界和舆论界对推动铁路改革的动因,归纳起来主要有四方面:一是巨额负债;二是垄断经营;三是效率效益低;四是体制僵化。

第一,从负债方面看,截至2017年上半年,中国铁路总公司(以下简称“铁总”)负债4.77万亿元,负债率64.9%。

以此数据倒求,可得出铁总总资产约7.35万亿元。实际上,铁总总资产远远要高于此。“十一五”期间,铁路基本建设投资完成1.98万亿元,“十二五”期间完成投资3.5万亿元,2016年铁路投资8015亿元,2017年上半年完成投资3125亿元。仅上述投资总计就达6.59万亿元。据2013年5月25日《人民日报 海外版》报道数据显示,铁总当时总资产为20万亿。事实上,除铁路线路之外,铁总拥有的土地、场站、设备设施、技术等有形资产总额应远超20万亿元。如果市场化评估,铁总资产总额超过100万亿都可能。

为什么会出现如此大偏差,笔者认为,除不可获知的因素外,技术层面问题有两方面。

一是铁道部改制为铁总后,资产清查统计方式或存在严重问题,因为铁路长期以来采用历史成本法入账,从而导致发布的资产总额46631.59亿元的统计数据明显严重缩水。比如,50年前建成1000公里普速铁路,每公里造价是50万元,那么该资产被记为5亿元。50年后的现在,该资产累计扣除折旧,不仅未增长,而且不足50万元。但如今修建类似铁路,每公里造价8000万元,该铁路投资则为800亿元。这还不包括国家划拨的铁路沿线配套土地价值,而这块资产额在铁路则基本忽略不计,事实上是巨额资产。这就是铁总资产被严重低估的重要原因。

二是铁总经营中,对自身资产掌握不清,统计不准。据笔者所知,一些所属企业的合资公司(铁路相对控股)、参股公司等资产并未并入铁总,也未统计到地方政府,导致铁总资产未能全面统计汇总。

据国资委在国新办新闻发布信息,2017年3月末,中央企业负债率66.5%,整体债务风险可控。那么铁总64.9%的负债率,也是可控的。如果以铁总20万亿资产保守计算,截至2017年6月底,铁总资产实际负债率23.9%,更应该是可控的。

上一页1/7下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/12/26 13:45:08

Powered by China
China