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IPO否决率翻番 52家公司“栽倒”三大问题上

2017-09-24 07:36:51   中国经济网

9月22日,主板发审委2017年第149次会议审核结果公告显示,上能电气股份有限公司首发申请未获通过,其余两家公司IPO获批。

而在此前的9月13日创业板发审会,上会的7家企业有4家被否。彼时,史无前例的创业板上会否决率,使得券商投行“炸开了锅”。这样的监管动向实则早有端倪,截至9月21日,2017年共有376家IPO企业上会,其中315家顺利过会,52家IPO被否,年初至今的被否率达13.8%。2016年全年共18家IPO被否,被否率为6.64%。如此可见,2017年至目前的IPO否决率已较去年翻番。

2016年年中以来,IPO发行提速,月度上会的企业和新股发行数量逐渐增多。9月13日第71届创业板发审会高达57.14%的上会否决率,或许将“严监管”的态度实实在在的摆在了企业和券商投行面前。

根据相关规定,首次公开发行股票并上市的企业,需要在主体资格、公司治理、独立性、同业竞争和关联交易这五个主要方面满足条件和具体要求。分析证监会发布的被否IPO发审会结果公告可发现,对于具体企业,在满足上述要求的同时,会呈现出不同的侧重点,三大问题或成为52家被否企业“拦路虎”。

企业盈利现状及前景

——赚钱行不行?

企业盈利现状及前景是发审委最为关注的问题。发审委提问围绕毛利率、应收账款、主营业务、业绩等内容展开。

被否的20家企业被问及毛利率问题。发审委关注企业毛利率的纵向比较,还关注其毛利率与同行业上市公司的比较,对毛利率异常波动或行业趋势与毛利率变动不一致的情况给予重点关注。有6家企业的毛利率问题被重点提及,是这6家企业被否的重要原因。如8月15日对创业板企业江西耐普矿机新材料股份有限公司的IPO审核中,就近两年矿业生产企业不景气的情况下橡胶耐磨制品能保持高毛利率的情况,要求发行人代表作出说明。

应收账款与企业的收入密切相关,发审委就12家企业的应收账款提出问题,重点关注企业应收账款占营业收入比重过高的现象。18家企业主营业务的有关问题被提及,并要求其就主营业务收入、数量、合法性等问题作出说明。根据《创业板首发管理办法》要求,发审委明确要求创业板IPO企业必须符合主要经营一种业务。

业绩下滑风险、真实性、是否存在依赖等问题也是发审委的关注点,共有14家企业需要就业绩相关情况作出回应。据悉,业绩规模是IPO审核中的重要项目,有业内人士表示,扣非净利润3000万是一道“隐形”门槛。9月13日第71次创业板发审会上被否的珠海市赛纬电子股份有限公司、智业软件股份有限公司、世纪恒通科技股份有限公司这三家企业,扣非净利润规模均不足3000万元。

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