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从OMO操作特点看季末资金面

2017-09-23 07:07:05   中国经济网

在连续四日实施大额净投放之后,本周三(9月20日),央行公开市场操作(OMO)来了个“急刹车”,自此以来,近几日OMO均呈现等量对冲,既不再实施净投放,也未净回笼流动性。下周将是三季度末前的最后一周,OMO是进一步转向净回笼还是重拾净投放?不妨从过去几日央行公开市场操作中窥探一二。

9月22日,央行开展1200亿元逆回购操作,其中7天期1000亿元,28天期200亿元,当日有1200亿元逆回购到期,故等量对冲到期逆回购,这已是9月20日以来,OMO连续第三日实现等量对冲。

在此之前,央行则实施了一波密集的净投放。数据显示,央行自9月13日终结此前以净回笼为主的局面,并从14日开始到19日连续四日实施净投放,累计开展逆回购操作7500亿元,对冲MLF到期之后(期间无逆回购到期),实现净投放6365亿元。

4个交易日净投放超过6000亿元,释放的资金规模与一次降准相当;这之前和之后,央行要么在连续净回笼资金,要么进行等量对冲,这些特征表明,这一波净投放更像是一次“突击行动”,“行动”目标很明确,即平抑15日前后缴税引起的货币市场波动。

公开信息显示,9月税期基本到15日结束,之后缴税走款的影响会持续两三日,因此,15日前后两三个交易日(9月13日至19日)将是缴税影响较明显的阶段。市场资金面也正是从13日开始变得紧张,一直持续到19日左右恢复平稳。

基于“削峰填谷”的操作思路,流动性压力最大的时候,往往也是央行投放最积极的时候。因此,央行在13日结束净回笼后,连续多日实施净投放。

另外,近期央行逆回购操作的期限结构也颇有特点。据统计,9月14日至19日开展的7500亿元逆回购中,7天期合计5900亿元,占比接近八成;而在9月1日至13日期间,央行共开展逆回购操作1100亿元,7天期500亿元,占比不到五成。这也进一步说明,这一波净投放,主要意在对冲缴税影响,而非助力金融机构跨季。

值得注意的是,目前7天期回购尚不可跨月,而最近央行大量使用7天期逆回购,将导致月末前一周到期压力上升。数据显示,9月最后一周将到期的逆回购已增至6800亿元,超过本周的三倍,将是9月各周中到期压力最大的一周。

通常来说,季末因有监管考核,且9月过后,紧接着将迎来“十一”长假,存款类机构将面临一定取现压力,使得季末前一周流动性供求压力可能较大。这一局面下,央行仍大量运用7天逆回购操作,从侧面说明,央行可能预计本季末流动性压力可控。

央行的底气很可能仍来源于季末财政支出。季末财政支出力度往往较大,加上7月财政存款增长超季节性,或促使随后几月财政库款加快释放,9月份财政投放规模可能高于往年同期。过去三年,9月财政存款均下降超过3000亿元;今年3月、6月,财政存款分别下降7670亿元和6165亿元。机构预计,下周财政库款投放可能会比较可观,能够对冲逆回购到期和节前取现等因素的影响。而按照之前数月的情况看,每月下旬央行OMO大多会转向回笼资金,央行可能恰恰希望利用较多的到期逆回购,实现对财政投放资金的暂时回笼,避免资金面走向过度宽松。

综合考虑,下周逆回购到期较多,且居民取现可能增多,但有财政投放的“支援”,资金面平稳跨季基本无碍,央行料结合资金面情况,灵活调整逆回购操作力度,全周出现净回笼的可能性不小。

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