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六大瓶颈制约我国绿色金融落地

2017-09-23 06:57:00   中国经济网

三、绿色企业股权融资的

落地路径尚未打通

从目前实践情况看,绿色债券一定程度解决了绿色项目融资的问题,但绿色企业的股权融资还未能实现落地。很多绿色项目,首先需要的是股权融资,在取得资本金的基础上才能进一步作债务融资。而解决绿色企业融资的问题首先需解决绿色企业概念和界定问题,目前我国在这方面的研究和探索还比较欠缺,只有解决了什么样的企业是绿色企业,才能对绿色企业有针对性地识别,进而出台具体的绿色企业上市和再融资政策。

四、环境信息披露制度

尚未建立

环境信息披露是绿色金融持续发展的重要基础。七部委《指导意见》提出要“逐步建立和完善上市公司和发债企业强制性环境信息披露制度”。目前对于绿色债券,人行、沪深交易所、交易商协会等主管机构在各自发布的文件中,对于绿色债券的信息披露都提出了明确的部署,但主管部门对于绿色债券的信息披露频次、方式和内容存在差异,尚未形成统一监管要求。而对于上市公司的环境信息披露制度,目前还未出台具体的规定和办法。一方面,这会导致市场投资者无法进行真正的绿色投资,因为其无法识别哪些企业是污染的,哪些企业是绿的,严重动摇了投资者进行绿色投资的信心;另一方面,由于上市公司环境信息是编制绿色股票指数和ESG指数等金融产品的重要基础,因此环境信息披露缺失导致我国绿色指数等产品发展受阻。

五、绿色投资环境

亟需培育

从我国绿色金融市场发展情况看,现阶段绿色金融产品供给仍然有限。这种现状一定程度上影响了主管部门相关政策的落地效果。2015年人民银行关于发行绿色金融债券有关事宜的39号公告提出绿色金融债券募集资金闲置期间,可以将募集资金投资于非金融企业发行的绿色债券。但该政策在现实中执行起来仍比较困难,原因在于绿色债券总体和非金融绿色债券数量和规模十分有限。根据Wind数据统计,截至2017年9月20日,我国绿色债券发行规模虽已突破3600亿元,但跟整个债券市场63.64万亿的存量规模比(剔除同业存单存量),绿色债券规模占比仅为0.06%,仍属“冷门品种”。同时,在这3600亿元绿色债券中约2500亿元是银行机构发行的绿色金融债,其他品种包括企业债、公司债、中期票据、短融和资产支持证券等合计大概只有1100亿元左右的规模。绿色金融债的规模超过了其他类型绿色债券规模的2倍还要多,这可能会造成绿色金融债募集资金在闲置期间并没有足够多的“非金融企业绿色债券”进行投资。

六、“真金白银”的激励措施

未能落到实处

从激励措施落地的情况看,目前只有针对绿色债券的相关政策实现了落地,但激励的范围也仅局限在设立绿色审批通道、放宽相关指标限制等层面。而真正利用市场规律,通过调整利益对绿色金融进行激励的措施尚未取得实质性进展,如各政策文件中提及的贴息、再贷款、担保等手段。“真金白银”的激励措施未能落地,使得绿色金融产品跟其他金融产品相比并没有任何成本优势,在某些情况下,绿色金融产品的成本还要更高,例如发行绿色债券需要支付额外的认证费用,再考虑到主管机构对于绿色金融的监管政策给参与机构提出了额外的管理要求和负担,自然很难调动金融机构的内生动力。而金融机构内生动力的不足则是限制绿色金融发展的一项重要因素。

(刘 翌系兴业研究研究员, 鲁政委系兴业银行首席经济学家)

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