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六大瓶颈制约我国绿色金融落地

2017-09-23 06:57:00   中国经济网

■刘 翌 鲁政委

2017年6月,国务院在浙江、江西、新疆等五省(区)设立绿色金融改革创新试验区,为绿色金融在政策、产品、业务模式的创新提供了更广阔的空间和更多灵活性。在政策大力推动下,我国绿色信贷规模逐年稳步攀升,绿色债券的成功吸引了全球的关注,创新业务层出不穷,市场参与主体日趋多元化。我国绿色金融的发展,正逐步由分散化、试验性的探索,向系统化、规模化推进转变。

在取得一系列可喜成绩的同时,也需清楚地认识到,未来绿色金融的深化发展仍面临着不少需要突破的瓶颈。具体来说,绿色金融落地面临的瓶颈体现在以下几个方面:

一、绿色金融标准体系

存在短板

目前我国绿色金融标准体系化尚未成型,在绿色金融标准方面存在短板,主要表现为:

一是绿色项目界定标准不统一。具体来说,人民银行《绿色债券支持项目目录》和发改委《绿色债券指引》对于绿色项目的界定不一致,这种不统一表现在项目分类和项目范围两个方面。

从项目分类看,人行目录将绿色项目分为6大类,大类项下又进行了细分,有二级分类和具体的说明和界定条件;而发改委指引的绿色项目包括了12大类,范围比较大,没有进一步进行细分和说明;从项目范围看,两部门对绿色项目的认识存在偏差,具体体现在:发改委将核电纳入了新能源项目范畴,而人行目录中的清洁能源类项目并未包括核电项目。

另外,发改委绿债指引中纳入了节能环保重大装备、技术产业化,合同能源管理,节能环保产业基地(园区)建设、生态文明先行示范试验、低碳发展试点示范等项目,但这些项目在人行目录中并未涉及。

同样,人行目录中所包含的灾害应急防控、交通领域互联网、水路交通中的船舶购置及航道整治、城乡公路运输公共客运、铁路交通、城市轨道交通、清洁燃油等项目也未在发改委目录中明确提及。

二是不同监管口径下绿债发行和存续期监管要求存在差异。发改委主管的绿色企业债券将募集资金占项目总投资比例放宽至80%,发行企业不受发债指标限制,并且在资产负债率低于75%的前提下,核定发债规模时不考察企业其它公司信用类产品规模,这意味着,此类企业可以突破债券融资规模不得超过净资产40%的规定;而证监会《关于支持绿色债券发展的指导意见》对于发行主体条件并没有类似便利措施,同时还对绿色公司债发行的范围还进行了界定,即原则上不得属于高污染、高能耗或其他违背国家产业政策导向的行业;交易商协会《非金融企业绿色债务融资工具业务指引》对于发行主体并没有明确的限制条件。另外,不同品种绿色债券在存续期内的信息披露标准也存在差异。

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