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8月债券发行4.39万亿 创历史新高

2017-09-18 07:26:38   中国经济网

随着企业直接融资比重的不断提高和近期资金面的持续紧张,近来债券市场呈现发行总量、发行利率以及取消发行量“三高”的局面。Wind统计数据显示,8月份债券发行规模高达4.39万亿元,创下单月债券发行规模历史纪录,同比增长17.4%,环比增长11.1%。与此同时,整个8月份已经有上百只债券取消发行,涉及金额723.6亿元,超过6月和7月两个月的弃发总额。

除了发行量的爆发式增长外,8月份也是已发债券扎堆到期最高月份,总偿还量为3.3万亿元。因此,从净融资额来看,8月份并不算高,为1.09万亿元,环比下降39.83%,在2017年的前8个月中排名第4。今年以来,净融资额最高出现在7月份,为1.81万亿元,其次为6月份,全月净融资额为1.17万亿元。

不过,并非所有种类的债券都是放量发行。从规模上来看,地方政府债和同业存单是绝对的主力。数据显示,国债发行规模为9337.30亿元,而同业存单则高达16210.6亿元。国债发行规模环比增长最高,达到196.87%,环比增长6192亿元。另一个增速靠前的资产证券化发行是新的亮点。统计显示,8月份ABS发行规模达到1471.51亿元,达到2017年单月发行规模新高,同比增加106.25%,环比增加126.44%。

“8月份地方政府债成为债券发行的主力,主要原因是8月底财政部发行了6000亿元特别国债。资产支持证券则主要是因为制度的日益完善而作为未来大力推行的产品。”有机构人士分析称。

需要指出的是,与8月份整个债券发行市场爆发性增长同时出现的,却是发行利率的水涨船高和不少企业的放弃或中止发行。《经济参考报》记者注意到,不仅大量低评级的民企债集体弃发,就连格力电器在内的AAA级债券也不得不暂时中止发行。

“由于近日市场波动原因,本公司决定取消本期超短期融资券的发行。”8月28日,格力电器在公告中表示,将继续做好公司超短融的后续发行、兑付及信息披露工作。

在业内人士看来,债券取消发行一般是两方面因素,一方面是簿记过程中的认购未能达到有效覆盖,另一方面是发行人无法接受目前市场高企的发行成本。“近一段时间,国债和国开债的利率再度逼近4月的水平。以公司债为例,7月平均发行利率短暂回落至5%下方后,8月以后又回升至5.1278%;企业债方面,8月的平均发行利率也从7月的5.8962%回升至6.0909%。”

对此,招商证券固收研究报告表示,8月以来,因超储率偏低缘故,市场资金利率整体趋紧,二级拆借资金到一级拿券的热情减弱。加之市场出现调整,各类机构增持力度放缓,多存在获利了结情况;同时,黑色系价格暴涨扰动预期,利率债上行对信用债产生带动。负面市场因素的交织触发本轮取消潮的发生。

事实上,发行成本在经历6-7月的边际下行后,8月以来受二级市场影响呈现出回弹,亦从供给端扰动新券发行。数据显示,整个8月份已经有上百只债券取消发行,涉及金额达到723.6亿元,高于6月和7月两个月的弃发总额。

具体来看,整体取消发行呈现中票占主导,低等级发行人再融资压力显现的特征。8月以来,过半取消及推迟发行的券种为中票品种,区别与以往的短融占比偏多的现象。另外,出现取消发行的企业中,AA-及以下等级个券占比创新高,达到37%。

“今年以来,债务融资成本高企,优质发行人多转向间接融资,短融发行量随之下滑,一级市场出现取消发行的短融亦在减少。相对而言,低等级发行人占比提升。而其贷款可得性差,对债务融资仍较为依赖。”招商证券首席债券分析师徐寒飞表示。

在他看来,此类发行人募集中票多集中在两大使用途径,一方面置换有息负债,调整内部融资结构,另一方面,用于短期项目投资。前者为主要募集用途,因此在发行成本剧烈波动,甚至超过加权贷款融资成本后,会选择取消债务融资。

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