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财经观察:电动时代开启 德国车企是否做好准备?

2017-09-17 13:31:39   新华网

新华社法兰克福9月16日电  财经观察:电动时代开启 德国车企是否做好准备?

新华社记者乔继红

正在举行的第67届法兰克福国际车展上,“电动化”绝对是关键词。德国车企凭借主场优势,竞相展出电动汽车新产品和新技术,也相继宣布了未来电动化计划。对于正在开启的汽车电动时代,德国各大车企真正做好准备了吗?

  目标宏伟

在本届车展期间,沃尔沃、捷豹、雷诺和本田等众多传统车企都公布了各自的电动化计划。加之特斯拉等电动汽车企业上升势头凶猛,汽车行业向电动化转变的大潮已然开启,面对竞争压力的德国车企也相继宣布电动化的长期规划。

德国最大车企大众集团公布“电动路线图”,计划到2030年实现全系电动化,即届时大众旗下所有品牌的约300个车型都将拥有电动版本。为此,大众将投资200亿欧元打造两个全新的电动平台,并升级工厂、建设充电基础设施以及研发和生产电池。

戴姆勒公司在本届车展上,发布了首款新能源车型EQA。对于未来规划,戴姆勒董事长蔡澈说,到2022年,奔驰旗下所有车型都将有电动版,而且Smart品牌将实现纯电动化。届时,奔驰将至少有50款混动或纯电动车型供市场选择。

宝马公司也在积极布局转型,计划到2025年,提供25款电动车型,其中12款为纯电动车型。欧宝集团表示将加强电动车研发,加快向电动化转型。

  现实骨感

德国车企的电动化目标虽然宏伟,但过程却注定充满挑战。

最大挑战是,从全球市场来看,消费者对电动汽车的接受程度还普遍较低。据欧洲汽车制造商协会的数据,今年上半年欧洲市场新能源汽车销量在新车销量中占比仅为1.2%。

消费者不接受电动汽车的首要原因是成本偏高。以大众为例,德国在售的e-Up车型燃油发动机版本约为1万欧元,电动版本售价则高达2.6万欧元左右,即使政府每辆电动汽车补贴4000欧元,电动版售价也比燃油版贵很多。

据中国主要锂电池生产商宁德时代的产品开发工程师高鹏飞介绍,目前电动汽车成本的约50%是电池。电池成本居高不下,让电动汽车的价格劣势难以改观。

困扰消费者的另一个主要问题是,电动车的续航里程和充电时间。目前,电动汽车一次充满电的续航里程在200公里左右,到2020年车企的目标是达到500公里。快充技术是车企和电池生产商的主要攻关方向,但这些领域均需要巨额投资。戴姆勒计划在未来数年向电动汽车领域投资100亿欧元。

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