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民资控股高铁破冰赚钱效应将是关键

2017-09-13 09:16:28   新华网

“民资入铁”的话题已经谈论了很多年,此前虽有个别民资入铁的案例,但民资绝对控股高铁的案例直到近日才正式落地。在这背后,是政策的推动以及“铁老大”放下身段。从长远来看,这条由民资控股的高铁如何形成赚钱效应,将对中国铁路投融资改革产生示范作用。

9月11日,复星牵头的民营资本联合体签约杭绍台铁路PPP项目,获得51%的股权比例。另外,中国铁路总公司(下称“铁总”)在该项目中的持股比例为15%,其余股份则分别由代表浙江省、台州市、绍兴市出资的公司持有。这意味着民营资本在中国铁路投融资领域首次实现了控股地位。

实际上,国务院早在2005年出台的《国务院关于鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》就明确提出,允许非公有资本进入包括铁路在内的垄断行业和领域,加快垄断行业改革,在电力、电信、铁路、民航、石油等行业和领域,进一步引入市场竞争机制。

但十几年来,民资入铁的案例间或出现,却大多前景不明,示范作用不明显,更没有出现民资绝对控股的案例。

想要跨出第一步并不容易,此次杭绍台铁路PPP项目在落地之前经历了较长时间的磨合。据悉,该项目启动以来,历经项目投融资方案研究、实施方案编制、市场测试、实施方案报批、社会资本方遴选、合同确认谈判与公示等阶段。

值得说明的是,杭绍台铁路PPP项目的正式落地,背后也有“铁老大”放下身段的因素。从普通乘客的视角看,铁总近年来在铁路运营中已经有了不少迎合大众需求以及寻求市场化盈利模式的改变。例如,12306软件增加了订餐和约车服务功能;此外,12306软件、车票以及高铁车厢内外的广告,均意味着铁总正在尝试更多市场化的盈利模式。

从长远来看,前述首条民资控股高铁如何形成赚钱效应,将对中国铁路投融资改革产生示范作用,同时也是该项目探索混改模式的重要内容。

据悉,杭绍台铁路PPP项目可研估算总投资为448.9亿元,根据杭绍台铁路项目实际情况,纳入政府与社会资本合作范围的项目总投资约为409亿元,项目资本金为总投资的30%,约124亿元,资本金以外的资金缺口由项目公司通过融资解决。

另外,该项目合作期限34年,其中建设期4年,运营期30年;合作模式采用建设-拥有-运营-移交(BOOT)方式,由项目公司负责项目的融资、建设、运营和维护,并拥有相关资产所有权,合作期满后,项目设施无偿移交给政府方。

该项目的回报机制为“使用者付费+可行性缺口补贴”,可行性缺口补贴期限为运营期前10年,该项目中标的可行性缺口补贴总额为68亿元,同时约定了列车开行对数、超额收入分配等回报调整机制。按照复星的说法,该项目结合我国铁路行业现行机制,坚持风险分担、利益共享原则,构建了静态可行性缺口补贴和动态调整机制相结合的政府和社会资本都能接受的投资回报机制,在未来市场博弈中消化了不确定性。记者 刘宝兴

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