新闻 > 经济
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China

看不见的生产力——无形资产

2017-09-15 20:26:51   中国经济网

本刊特约作者 李国强/文

十几年前,我刚刚大学毕业参加工作的时候,无意间发现公司的账面上有无形资产。好奇心爆棚的我从报表查到账簿,再从账簿找到凭证,最后发现原始凭证竟然是购买手机的发票。我咨询了做账的同事,解释是,因为给公司高管配的手机价值比较昂贵(当时高档手机数万元),由于手机随身携带并没有在公司,所以放入固定资产不合适,就放到无形资产了,分十年摊销。

如今,手机的价格已经跌落到几千元甚至几百元,进入寻常百姓家,公司的无形资产账簿里再也没有这些奇奇怪怪的东西,取而代之的是土地所有权和科技创新带来的知识产权。

什么是无形资产?

无形资产是指用于生产商品或提供劳务、出租给他人或用于管理目的而持有的、没有实物形态的、使用年限超过一年的非货币性资产。

通过这个定义可以看出,无论价格多少,手机放在无形资产其实是不合适的。无形资产一般包括专利权、商标权、非专利技术、著作权、土地使用权、商誉、特许权、租赁权等。无形资产的突出特性在于没有实物形态,它只表明公司拥有一种法定权利,或者是表明公司拥有获得高于一般受益水平的能力。

几十年来,发达国家的企业发展方向由资本密集型向知识密集型经济转变,无形资产在总资产中的比例,代表了企业科技化、现代化的程度。那么A股公司里的无形资产又占到多大比例?

A股公司无形资产占比低

据Wind数据统计的2016年年报,沪深两市剔除金融行业后,在3200多家上市公司中,仅有34家账面没有无形资产。无形资产总额从2007年的3014亿元增加到2016年的23167亿元,说明企业对无形资产越来越重视,其发挥着越来越重要的作用。

但是,从占总资产比例来看,上市公司中无形资产占总资产平均比例为4.81%(不含金融行业)。而美国的企业,无形资产占总资产比例为20%左右。相比之下,中国企业的无形资产占总资产比例较低,代表着核心竞争力严重不足。

从无形资产占比来看,楚天高速(600035.SH)、皖通高速(600012.SH)、四川成渝(601107.SH)等高速公路企业占比最高,比例均超过60%,其中楚天高速的无形资产占总资产比例高达83.51%。

从无形资产总额来看,中国交建(601800.SH)、中国石化(600028.SH)、中国石油(601857.SH)等巨无霸金额最大。中国交建的无形资产为1483亿元,“两桶油”的也均超过700亿元。

上一页1/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170915/31422848.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 13:55:48

Powered by China
China