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一家“无人便利店”的探索与烦恼

2017-09-13 07:26:23   中国经济网

扫码开门、感应商品、自助付款,作为“无人便利店”的“便民日常”,它们不仅仅意味着节省人工。

在江西省南昌市高新区,有一家叫“we-go”的“无人便利店”。今年6月,江西百大众兴网络科技有限公司执行董事何淳勇和他的团队在当地政府三年免租的创业园区内,为“we-go”选择了一处25平方米的店面,悄然开业。

“这家店目前只是一间‘实验室’,顾客用支付宝或微信支付,我们结算也方便,一般都是秒到。”何淳勇说,开业两个多月,总体上既没盈利,也没亏损。

“没有出现大幅度的亏损已经很不错了。”何淳勇说,当前市场上的“无人便利店”,在技术研发和消费者行为习惯培养等方面需要大量资金投入。他们目前还没有一笔融资,各类成本都得死死地控制着。

“因为商品失窃导致亏损的情况多吗?”记者问。

“近80天的运营,商品略有丢失,但几乎没有恶意偷盗行为。”何淳勇介绍说,顾客扫码开门就是完成了信息登记,店内是一个全天候无死角的监控环境。“下一步,我们还将完善识别技术,推出‘刷脸’进店。”

对于何淳勇来说,当初转型做“无人便利店”,除了积极探索智能零售模式的初衷之外,更多的是一种不得已的尝试。

“不到两年光景,原来的200多家门店全线亏损。零售业的成本竞争太残酷了,我们就是奔着降成本才干的。”何淳勇给记者算了笔账,经营一家50平方米的传统便利店,店员月薪3500元,按照同一时段需要一个收银员、一个导购员配备,要做到24小时营业,需支付三班倒的6名店员总月薪为21000元。这样算来,单考虑人力成本一项,一家“无人便利店”一年就可节省人力成本25.2万元。

记者调查了解到,由于高房租和人力成本增长快的双重压力,一些传统便利店已出现较为明显的亏损。南昌红谷滩新区的一家品牌便利店店员王女士告诉记者,店里目前仅剩4名员工,每天的销售额不足2000元。“老板正在考虑转租店面。”

尽管“无人便利店”在节省人力成本上表现“给力”,但新增的成本也让经营者伤脑筋。“‘无人便利店’并非一个员工都不需要。”何淳勇说,开一家“无人便利店”,每天都得摆货补货,至少需要一名调货员随时调剂余缺,一名技术员提供后台技术支持。能力强的调货员和技术员,两个人可运营5至10家店。“这样的员工一般都要经过系统的培养,而服务行业流动性很大,这些培养成本往往较高。”

“这些隐性成本正是我们当前的新烦恼。”何淳勇说,像培养成本这类隐性成本,还有很多:“无人便利店”作为新事物,有推广项目的时间成本;需要更多的物业配套,而物流成本和商品管理等后台成本并未减少;同时,灯光、温度、设备等也都需要付出一定的成本。

专程前来交流的江西共享餐吧网络有限公司负责人周夏良表示,为了替代人工服务,“无人便利店”对于后台系统和科技设备的日常运营维护要求很高。“这部分成本在运营初期会比较高,随着后期规模化经营会有所降低。”

此外,周夏良认为,除了管理上的各种成本外,为了实现“无人”,“无人便利店”内商品的成本也有增加。他说,为了避免货物被盗的同时,确保实现自助收银,“无人便利店”的商品上都得有RFID(射频识别)技术的价签,每个RFID价签的成本接近0.5元,由于货品数量较多,致使价签成本较高。而贴价签也要人工,这又增加了成本。

不过,尽管隐性成本较高,但有节省人力成本的优势,“无人便利店”的发展趋势依然被看好。据艾媒咨询预测,未来五年无人零售商店将会迎来发展红利期,到2022年市场交易额将超过1.8万亿元。

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