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A股公司万亿资金“屯兵”理财市场

2017-09-11 07:42:42   新华网

该高管告诉记者,上市公司用于投资理财资金主要包括自有闲置和暂时没有明确用途的超募资金。

“投向方面,十几天、三个月左右的短期理财和半年至一年较长期的理财产品都是主流,前者利率在3%-4%左右,后者大概在5%左右。”

某装饰行业公司董秘表示,资金使用出现“断层”促使公司购买理财产品由来已久,今年上半年公司理财资金爆发增长更多与实体萎靡、传统行业不景气有关。一些传统制造业、产能过剩的行业,公司辛辛苦苦干一年赚的钱可能还够不上理财收益的零头,甚至出现亏损。这种情况下大手笔进行理财投资能够有效提升净利润、美化报表。

“有些传统企业IPO募投的钱还没投出去,项目前景急转直下。我认识的一家纺织公司就是理财大户,当初上市募资的钱原本计划投资建设五百家门店。等了几年,线下门店却受到电商严重冲击,继续建设肯定是要亏的,主业增长空间也有限,只好先买些理财产品当作权宜之计。”该董秘透露。

某投行人士告诉记者,今年以来银行理财收益率持续攀升一定程度激发上市公司的投资热情,很多情况下,银行甚至在贷款之余变相销售理财产品。

“银行目前存款规模增长乏力,各银行揽储竞争激烈,不惜推出高收益理财产品吸引客户,负债端成本的抬升导致资产端收益率不断上行。这就会导致一方面负债端银行理财产品收益率持续攀升,另一方面资产端对公借贷的利率也相应提高。”该投行人士解释道,“对银行来说,上市公司是相对比较优质的客户群体,为了留住客户,银行给上市公司发放流动性贷款的时候往往会搭配销售理财产品,以便于理财产品的收益能够覆盖贷款利率上升增加的成本。”

  警惕“脱实向虚”

深圳某私募机构负责人指出,购买理财产品是上市公司灵活经营的一种方式,借助理财产品降低资金的闲置损失。投资受阻情况下,利用短期理财产品降低资金使用成本,适当时机再进行投资开发,提高公司资金使用效率,对公司的发展还是有利的。

“但如果公司置主业而不顾‘钟情’于理财,或长期主业停滞不前,不利用闲置资金进行业务改进、寻求突破,而将理财作为公司业绩支柱会进一步导致大量资金‘脱实向虚’,并未投入到实体经济发展中,”该负责人指出,“甚至有不少上市公司一边募集资金,一边用闲置资金购买理财产品,存在相当大的资金浪费。”

“如果用闲置募资资金购买理财产品需要提交董事会审议,用自有资金则不需要,这也会促使上市公司‘边融资、边理财’,”一位上市公司证代告诉记者。

业内人士指出,上市公司应警惕长期依靠理财产品拉动利润的行为。一来,募集资金投向理财产品违背投资者的初衷,最终将遭遇投资者“用脚投票”;二来,虽然理财产品难以打破刚性兑付,整体风险性较小,但目前仍有不少理财资金通过多层嵌套,投入高风险领域,仍存在一定亏损风险。(张晓琪)

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