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上市银行营收面临较大增长压力

2017-09-08 07:31:59   中国经济网

《中国上市银行年报研究(2017)》(下称“报告”)日前在上海正式发布。报告指出,2016年上市银行规模依赖现象有所缓解,零售贷款快速增长,营业收入增速放缓,收入结构进一步优化,净利润保持低位增长,而资产质量压力犹存。与此同时,轻型化、综合化、智能化、规范化和国际化会成为未来上市银行的转型方向。

报告显示,从盈利维度看,2016年37家上市银行营业收入增速仅为1.35%,较上年同期下降8.67%,净利润增速为3.65%,同比增加0.8%。可以看出2017年上市银行营业收入仍面临着较大的增长压力。同时受益于拨备持续反哺等,净利润增速快于营业收入增速的态势将进一步凸显。

从业务维度看,截至2016年末,37家上市银行资产总额达154.34万亿元,较上年同期增长13.9%。报告预计,2017年上市银行资产规模增速仍将保持稳中趋缓的态势。零售贷款和存款的比重进一步提升,贷款和同业资产占比会有所压缩,证券投资类资产配置将继续增加。

从效率维度看,2016年37家上市银行平均成本收入比为30%,同比上升0.05%,为2010年以来的首次提高。报告认为,2017年上市银行成本收入比将继续保持微升态势,上市银行转型发展需要加大投入,加之成本管控的空间日益收窄,成本压降压力进一步加大。

从风险维度看,2016年,37家上市银行平均不良贷款率为1.49%,较上年高出0.13个百分点。2017年,银行业风险大规模集中暴露的可能性不大。但一些风险点仍需关注,包括流动性趋紧、地方债务置换将提升经营风险;中西部地区及一些传统行业化解不良压力大;小微、两高一剩和顺周期行业企业的违约风险将显现;受制于MPA考核、同业理财监管,处置和消化不良资产能力面临挑战。

上述报告主编、恒丰银行研究院执行院长董希淼表示,各银行之间的经营分化情况越来越明显,无论是营业收入的增长、净利润的走势,还是金融科技的运用等,未来一段时期,银行信用风险整体可控,但一些潜在风险压力或隐患仍有待解决,不良贷款反弹压力犹存。而零售业务、小微金融、金融科技以及集约式轻型化发展成为上市银行战略转型的新方向。

董希淼还表示,随着利率市场化深入推进,商业银行单纯依靠扩大规模实现收入增加的路径已不可持续,“轻型化”发展成为业界共识和上市银行转型发展的显著趋势。2017年,上市银行将加快发展轻资本、轻资产业务,力求通过渠道、流程、管理的转型,寻求资本节约、结构优化和效率提升,实现内涵式发展。业务结构方面,上市银行将加快发展在客户财富增长和资本市场发展契机下兴起的各类新型业务,围绕投资银行、交易银行、资产托管、财富管理、消费金融等业务,加大对新业务的资源投入和改革创新力度,通过业务结构调整拉动整体非息收入增长。

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