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扩张无度谨防捧杀 股东权益需受尊重

2017-09-08 07:27:03   中国经济网

香港上市不满足心急如焚回A股

国内6家大型国有商业银行,其他5家均已同时登陆A、H股市场,唯独中国邮政储蓄银行姗姗来迟。邮储银行“出发”虽晚,冲刺速度可不慢。距离去年登陆港股尚不足一年,邮储银行又于今年8月29日宣告拟申请在A股上市,每股1元,计划发行不超过51.72亿股,约占A股发行后总股本的6%。据统计,目前在香港上市的23家内地银行中,除“工农建交中”五大行以及招商银行、光大银行共计7家已实现“A+H”模式的银行外,几乎所有银行都正式或非正式地表示过回归A股的意向,其中至少有9家银行已先后披露A股发行计划。而目前,包括徽商银行、郑州银行、哈尔滨银行、青岛银行、重庆农村商业银行在内的多家更是已进入首发排队名单。

业内人士指出,与港股市场相比,银行股在A股的估值相对较高,融资成本相对更低,A股才是内地银行股的最终上市目标。可以看出,多数银行把香港股市作为“中转站”,目标最后都锁定在A股。现在的问题是,究竟是A股定价合理,还是港股的估值更准确?确实,在大多数“A+H”模式的上市公司中,港股的估值都低得多,而A股则要高得让人怀疑:这是同一个上市公司吗?不仅静态股价如此,动态的炒作、抽疯般的暴涨、对题材的狂热跟踪,甚至无厘头的连续涨停,都容易发生在A股。监管的“父爱”,惩罚的“罚酒三杯”,也都在A股。二者长期的股价背离,其中定有深层次的原因,甚至可以说,何时海外上市的公司不再对回归A股趋之若鹜,才是中国资本市场走向正常发展之时。

车企盈利状况分化企业规模决定市场

8月结束,国内14家主要乘用车类上市公司皆已公布中期财报。其中,“国”字头的汽车公司,如上汽集团、广汽集团、东风汽车、一汽轿车等在净利润方面基本都实现增长,反观民营汽车公司,如长城汽车、江淮汽车、比亚迪汽车、力帆股份等公司的净利润却在大幅下滑。而来自中国汽车工业协会的数据显示,今年上半年,中国自主品牌乘用车共销售493.95万辆,同比增长4.33%;占乘用车销售总量的43.9%,占有率比上年同期提升1.14个百分点。尽管自主品牌整体发展形势不错,销量与市场份额不断向上,但自主品牌内部却在不断分化。

现在是人人说体制,但体制的事又似乎谁也说不清楚。以上面的报道看,利润增幅涨跌可能有多种原因,但“简单粗暴”的体制分析法,就很容易地把盈利实现增长的公司归到“国”字头,而盈利下滑的“恰巧”都是民营公司。其实,上面提到的国字头,严格说多数都是合资企业,很难说是国有企业,甚至不是国有控股企业:这些企业外资比例一般都不低,往往是各占50%。这样的公司定义为国有企业是否有点牵强?依笔者看,这才是有点混合所有制企业的味道。说到汽车行业,这是个资本和技术密集行业,规模的作用自不待言。上面关于利润增长情况的分析,如果不用简单的体制归纳,实际上可能企业规模的作用更大些,或者说,在激烈的市场竞争中,资本技术密集企业规模的作用是决定性的。而上述汽车企业的所有制因素,恐怕不是关键的。

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