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河北水资源税试点观察:用税收杠杆促进节水增效

2017-09-07 12:26:48   新华网

新华社北京9月7日电  题:河北水资源税试点观察:用税收杠杆促进节水增效

新华社记者申铖、韩洁

去年7月1日,我国绿色税收制度建设的“重头戏”之一——水资源税改革试点在河北省正式实施。

作为全国唯一的试点省份,一年多来,河北省先行先试,积极利用税收杠杆调节用水需求,有效推动了水资源的可持续利用和经济发展方式的转变,并为水资源税在全国推广提供了借鉴经验。

费改税发挥税收刚性作用

近年来,我国水资源短缺、水污染严重和水生态环境恶化等问题,已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。

以缺水大省河北省为例,其人均水资源量仅为全国平均水平的1/7,地下水超采总量及超采面积均占全国的1/3,造成地下水位下降、地面沉降和地裂等问题,严重威胁生态环境和可持续发展。

为了破解这一困局,去年7月1日,河北省在全国率先实行水资源税改革,打响了运用税收手段保护水资源的头炮。

据介绍,水资源税改革主要通过水资源费改税的方式进行,并实行差别税率,严格遵循地下水高于地表水、超采区高于非超采区,提高水资源利用效率。

“相比水资源费的征收,水资源税更具强制性和规范性,纳税遵从度更高。”中国财政科学研究院副院长白景明说。

社科院财经战略研究院研究员蒋震特别强调,水资源税改革后,高耗水企业和特种行业的税额标准被调高,倒逼企业采取节水措施,政策导向作用更加明显,而企业和居民正常的生产生活用水基本维持原有负担水平。

从试点情况来看,税收的刚性作用已经发挥。据河北省财政厅发布数据显示,截至今年7月份第12个征期结束,全省水资源税纳税人户数由去年首个征期的7600余户增加到1.6万户。

税收杠杆促进企业节水增效

水资源税的开征,促使企业围绕节水做文章,主动转变生产方式。一场因税收制度改变带来的节水理念与绿色发展模式席卷燕赵大地。

记者在河北省走访时看到,高效节水工程和技术措施被各大企业广泛应用。在河北华电石家庄热电有限公司,仅八期高压除氧器排汽回收改造一个项目的年节水量就可达到16万吨。

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