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全球铜矿产量下降

2017-09-06 10:41:52   中国经济网

我国7月工业增加值放缓至6.4%,前7个月全国房地产开发投资环比继续回落;8月制造业PMI细项中的新订单指数录得37个月的新高,制造业促进经济良性循环,表明国内经济形势总体呈现平稳增长态势,从宏观上对铜价持续上涨形成有力的支撑。

上游原料供不应求

受废铜领域的环保监管以及海外铜矿产出下降的影响,原料端供应仍然十分紧张。另外,废铜价格积极跟涨。近期,国家第四批环保督察入驻吉林、浙江、山东、海南、四川、西藏、青海、新疆(含兵团)八地,不少违规小型铜厂再度关停,环保力度的不断加大使得市场对于后市货源供应忧虑增加。今年前7个月废铜累计进口213.9万吨,同比增长16.27%。数据显示,从菲律宾、马来西亚、泰国的进口量明显增长。据了解,国内环保的严格控制,切断了废七类拆解物从国外进口渠道,不少企业将拆解物发往东南亚国家进行加工,然后进口成品。

进口铜精矿市场交投稍显活跃,干净铜精矿现货加工费从年初的90美元/吨一路跌至目前80美元/吨,远远低于年度长单价格,一些低原料库存的冶炼厂开始为即将到来的四季度进行储备,加工费还要下调。今年铜精矿进口增幅明显下滑,累计同比增长仅为3.47%,低于国内冶炼产能的增速,大型矿山罢工、老矿山矿石品位降低等造成矿山产量下滑。

笔者从12家上市的境外矿企的季报数据了解到,二季度铜产量同比下滑7.3%,下降幅度虽较一季度有明显改善,但上半年总体下降了10.1%,远远超出市场预期。尽管这些上市矿企有部分矿山开始扩建,比如南方铜业将其位于秘鲁和墨西哥的新项目按计划建设,三季度Escondida三个新建选矿厂开始投入使用,第一量子Cobre Panama项目建设进度已超过58%,但这些新项目最早在明年才能投入到实际生产。受嘉能可、淡水河谷目标产量下调的影响,下半年矿石产出同比将减少3%左右,全年同比减少6%。可喜的是,近年来非洲铜产量有所增长,我国主要从赞比亚、刚果、南非等非洲国家进口阳极铜,数据显示,今年前7个月进口43.6万吨,同比增长1.88%,部分弥补了铜精矿主要进口来源国减少造成的缺口。

下游消费增长乏善可陈

然而,下游铜材需求亮点并不明显。西安电缆事件仍在干扰电工铜杆的消费。今年以来,铜价不断走高,下游能接受的加工费变动较小,铜杆厂安全库存维持在3—7天的较低水平,高铜价抑制了电缆企业的需求。唯一可以找到的亮点是空调需求在增长。大型制冷用铜管企业多数时间维持满负荷生产,以应对今年火爆的空调需求。

从进口需求来看,进口精铜长期处于亏损状态,导致前7个月进口同比下降21.52%,同时造成美金仓单货的CIF升水价格长期保持在45—60美元/吨,远低于年度长单升水。全球三大交易所阴极铜库存维持在年初的65万吨附近,上海保税区库存也仍然高达50万吨。年初至今,尽管铜矿山的供应减少较多,但精铜库存变动甚小,没有新的产业给精铜需求提供一个量的飞跃。

CFTC基金铜期货及期权净多头头寸显示,铜价突破5800美元/吨关口后,资金连续六周在增持,LME市场基金经理持有的期铜净多头头寸也创了近3个月以来的高位。

更多的市场参与者在押注10月开始的明年铜精矿和精铜长单的谈判,市场预期贸易商与铜冶炼厂将正视供应继续短缺的现实,被动接受可能的一些不利条件。笔者认为,后期铜价还能继续上涨。

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