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宣亚“蛇吞象”购映客:规避借壳何以花样百出

2017-09-06 08:41:59   新华网

新京报漫画/高俊夫

规避借壳手法为何在资本市场花样常新?关键原因或许在于当前法规对借壳上市的认定或也应纳入“原则测试标准”。

资本市场再度上演“蛇吞象”,不同的是此次的市场焦点却在背后的规避借壳新玩法上。

9月4日晚,创业板上市公司“宣亚国际”发布重大资产购买报告书,拟以现金收购奉佑生等映客创始团队合计持有的北京蜜莱坞网络科技(映客的运营公司)48.2478%的股权。截至今年6月,宣亚国际净资产仅4亿元,欲以28.95亿元收购标的,这么大体量的资产收购显然构成重大重组,另外“宣亚国际”虽不向交易对手发行股票,但“宣亚国际”的前四大股东却向交易对手进行增资或入伙,市场人士由此质疑是否构成借壳上市。

不过,报告书却不这样认为。首先,宣亚投资目前为“宣亚国际”第一大股东、持股37.50%,张秀兵夫妇持有宣亚投资100%股权;本次交易后,宣亚投资仍持宣亚国际37.50%股权,而张秀兵夫妇持有宣亚投资的股权降为57.9921%,“宣亚国际”控股股东及实际控制人均未发生变化。其次,本次交易不涉及发行股份,按规定,现金收购甚至无需证监会审核批准。

那么,28.95亿元巨资又从何来呢?

答案是,全部向前四大股东借,其中21.56亿元借款期限甚至长达15年期。如此来看,28.95亿元似乎是一个“大泡泡”,由于交易对手也将成为四大股东的股东或合伙人,宣亚国际等于向交易对手借了一个“泡泡”,上市公司购买资产需要支付现金,这个泡泡又重新回到交易对手手中,审视其中资金流,等同于一个“泡泡”在其中空转。

交易完成后,交易资产进入上市公司实体,同时交易对手成为上市公司大股东的股东或合伙人,这与其他上市公司收购虽稍有区别,但实质结果差不多。这才是本次交易方案的高明之处。

值得思考的是,规避借壳手法为何在资本市场花样常新?

关键原因或许在于当前法规对借壳上市的认定上并不完善。《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》中未对重组上市进行原则定义,只在第十三条规定了重组上市的认定标准。其中,要构成借壳上市必须上市公司控制权发生改变,另外收购规模必须达到资产总额100%等比例。既然划定了红线,部分上市公司便可巧妙设计重组方案,有意规避,比如收购资产只达原来资产比例的99%,或者名义上确保上市公司控制人不变等,从而可以躲避监管部门对重组上市在资产盈利等方面的严苛要求。

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