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中国物联网技术和应用迎来创新活跃期

2017-09-05 15:11:57   新华网

新华社南京9月5日电 题:中国物联网技术和应用迎来创新活跃期

新华社记者朱国亮、杨绍功

中国移动通信集团江苏有限公司无锡分公司提供的最新数据表明,截至今年8月,无锡市中国移动物联卡发卡量已超越其手机通讯用户数量,与去年同期相比,增长了500多万张。

无锡只是中国物联网快速发展的一个缩影。2009年,中国首次提出“感知中国”。当年,国务院批复在无锡建设国家级传感网创新示范区,中国物联网由此起步。目前无锡已成为我国物联网产业发展的高地,物联网核心产业营业收入2016年超过2000亿元,从业人员突破15万人。

通过电脑、手机等终端,互联网解决了人与人之间的信息沟通。物联网则是通过传感装置,将物理世界转换成数字世界,并将信息自动传输至云平台,进而实现物与物、人与物相联。作为信息传输的重要途径之一,物联卡发放是物联网发展的一个重要指标。

据中国经济信息社、新华无锡物联网咨询中心最新发布的《2016-2017年中国物联网发展年度报告》,虽然目前中国“联接指数”在全球排名为23位,尚属于加速者阵营,但预计到2020年,中国M2M(机器与机器间的联接)联接将达10亿个,物联网产业规模将超过1.5万亿元。

物联网产业链主要划分为感知层、网络层、平台层、应用层。其中,在网络传输层面,物联网与互联网不同,不仅需要高速率的传输网络,也需要低速率、中速率网络。窄带物联网是一种低速率网络,其特点是低功耗、广覆盖、穿透力强。

目前,国内三大电信运营商都在加快建设低速率的窄带物联网,高速率的5G网络不久也会到来。通信网络标准统一,且多层次覆盖,化解了过去物联网应用碎片化的难题,加之部分传感器、芯片价格下降,可穿戴设备、家庭安防、智能家居等消费需求兴起,为物联网技术和应用进入创新活跃期奠定了基础。中国工程院院士邬贺铨说,中国物联网发展正由政府主导模式向市场驱动模式转变。

邬贺铨介绍,过去几年,物联网应用大都是小企业在做,应用呈现碎片化特点。从去年开始,窄带物联网标准出台后,一批大企业开始介入物联网发展,如华为、中兴、三大电信运营商都积极跟进,百度、阿里巴巴、腾讯也开始进入这一领域,这些大企业的介入有望推动物联网的快速发展。

从大环境来看,全球物联网技术和应用也在进入创新活跃期。据《2016-2017年中国物联网发展年度报告》,目前全球每天约有550万新设备加入物联网。截至2016年底,全球物联网设备连接数为64亿个,比上一年增长30%。

推广汽车电子“身份证”,杜绝套牌车;发放智能血压计、血糖仪,让家庭医生实时知晓慢性病患者身体状况;给风机装上传感装置,在千里之外就可以“感知”风机运行状况……从医疗、交通等生活场景,到环保、制造等生产场景,处处能“感知”到中国物联网的应用创新。

“传统产业走向智能化是大趋势,而物联网是实现这一结果的必要途径。”中国工程院院士倪光南说。当前,我国传统制造业正处于转型升级的关键期,许多专业人士认为,作为新一代信息技术,物联网“偶遇”制造业升级,两者融合必将迸发出巨大的创新潜能。

在物联网产业链上,两大基础核心技术——传感器和芯片,是我国的弱项。据《2016-2017年中国物联网发展年度报告》,目前我国约60%的传感器依赖进口,微机电系统传感器几乎全部依赖进口,核心芯片约80%以上依赖进口。

相关专业人士认为,我国有强大的市场需求,有国家产业政策的推动,在应用中注重消化吸收,如同高铁,以应用带发展,在基础核心技术上不断突破,中国在物联网领域某些方面实现领跑是完全有可能的。

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