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环保趋严 生猪养殖业面临治污挑战

2017-09-05 07:52:03   中国经济网

随着环保力度提升,作为严重污染行业的生猪养殖面临的治污压力也不断加大。目前,各省关于禁养区畜禽养殖场(小区)的关闭及搬迁,除了四川、湖南还未公布明确完成时间,广西壮族自治区预计2018年底完成,其余各省市自治区预计均在2017年底前完成,目前仅剩余4个月时间,此外,还有20多省份需要完成禁养区清退。分析人士指出环保将继续压制行业产能恢复,客观上延缓了能繁母猪存栏量的回升,继而影响该轮猪周期的周期跨度。

养殖污染受重视

近日,农业部就“整县推进畜禽粪污资源化利用”有关情况举行发布会。农业部提到,到2020年,列入国家支持的200个畜牧大县全县畜禽粪污综合利用率需达到90%以上,规模养殖场粪污处理设施装备配套率达到100%。

根据农业部相关负责人介绍,全国每年产生畜禽粪污总量达到近40亿吨,主要分布在586个畜牧大县。今年以来,国家发改委、农业部研究提出在2018年至2020年,集中中央预算内投资、加大投入力度,支持200个以上畜牧大县整县推进畜禽粪污资源化利用工作。

相关专家分析指出,我国是养猪大国,猪场粪污处理已经成为制约养猪业发展的主要瓶颈,正面临着猪场污水产量大,处理成本高,污染治理难度大,种养结合不紧密,区域布局不合理等难题。随着修订后的环保法自2015年1月1日施行,畜禽养殖业逐渐进入环保高压期。2015年“水十条”规定2017年底前关闭或搬迁禁养区内的畜禽养殖场(小区)和养殖专业户;2016年4月,全国生猪生产发展规划(2016-2020)将全国生猪养殖划分为四类区域;2016年5月畜禽养殖禁养区划定技术指南明确规定禁养区划分依据;2016年11月“十三五”生态环境保护规划再次重申2017年底依法关闭或搬迁禁养区内的畜禽养殖场(小区)和养殖专业户。

截至目前,全国累计划定畜禽养殖禁养区4.9万个,面积63.6万平方公里,累计关闭或搬迁禁养区内畜禽养殖场(小区)21.3万个。除四川、湖南还未公布明确完成时间,以及广西壮族自治区预计于2018年底完成,其余各省市自治区预计均在2017年底前完成禁养区畜禽养殖场(小区)关闭、搬迁。

多地加快拆除猪场

环保部在近日举行的例行记者会上通报2017年上半年《水污染防治行动计划》重点任务进展情况时指出,2017年山西、吉林、黑龙江、湖南、广西、海南、西藏、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆等14个省市自治区未完成畜禽养殖禁养区划定且关闭搬迁工作进展缓慢。2017年农村环境综合整治目标为2.8万个建制村,已开工建设2万个(建成8509个),青海、吉林、天津、广西等4个省市自治区工作滞后。

随着2017年底最后期限的临近,各地环保整治力度不断加大。以山东省为例,7月31日,山东省畜牧兽医局、山东省环境保护厅联合印发了《山东省畜禽粪污专项整治行动实施方案》。方案显示,山东省将从8月份起,全面开展畜禽粪污专项整治行动,济南、淄博、聊城等地纷纷出台相应文件,预计该省产能影响幅度约10%-15%。

2015年、2016年广东就进入了集中拆迁阶段,据统计,广东目前已经拆除猪场49800个,减少生猪502万头。广东省养猪协会会长吴秋豪曾表示,广东未来还有1.15万个有待关闭,涉及生猪存栏多达133.7万头。

牧原股份认为,国家对养猪行业的环保要求持续提高,客观上延缓了能繁母猪存栏量的回升。广发证券分析指出,随着生猪养殖规模化、结构性补栏、环保执法、散养户行为等因素对猪周期的影响,本轮高景气周期跨度或将持续超出市场预期。

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