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新一轮债转股面临哪些障碍

2017-09-04 08:41:07   中国经济网

资料来源:根据公开信息整理,苏宁金融研究院

数据来源:Wind资讯,苏宁金融研究院

自2015年下半年酝酿推出新一轮债转股以来,决策部门的债转股思路也日渐清晰。日前,《商业银行新设债转股实施机构管理办法(试行)》(以下简称《办法》)发布后,市场普遍预期新一轮债转股有大范围推进之势。

与上一轮债转股比较,本轮债转股有何不同?特别是《办法》实施之后,债转股的前景是否如预期的那么乐观?这些都有待进一步分析与探讨。

两轮债转股有何差异

上一轮债转股的主要目的是减轻企业债务负担,降低金融机构不良资产规模,加快国有企业脱困,在国有企业逐步建立现代企业制度。

1999年12月,国家经贸委推荐了601家债转股企业,建议转股额为4596亿元。2000年8月,经各方共同协商,580户企业与资产管理公司签订了债转股协议,协议转股额4051亿元,占银行剥离到四家资产管理公司的不良资产总额13939亿元的29%。截至2002年底,经国家经贸委、财政部、中国人民银行联合审核,国务院累计批准了547户企业实施债转股,涉及转股额3850亿元。

整体来看,本轮债转股与上一轮债转股相比,差异之处远多于相似之处。

其中,两轮债转股差异最大的无疑是债转股的实施主体,由上一轮第三方机构——华融、长城等四大资产管理公司,转变成由各大商业银行自行设立专门机构。

整体来看,商业银行取代第三方机构,成为本轮债转股的实施主体,有以下三方面的优势:

一是效率更高。银行实施机构相较于第三方机构,由于信息更加对称,债转股实施过程中的商业谈判、尽职调查、价值评估等程序将更加流畅,也能够更有效推进债转股。

二是资金优势。第三方机构筹资存在较大不确定性,相反,当前商业银行资金实力雄厚,银行下属机构可充分利用银行自有资金,也可通过资产管理计划吸收社会资金,更可以借助银行信用优势发行债券,资金来源更加多样化,也更有保障。

三是债转股折价比例较低。通过资产管理公司等第三方机构进行债转股,银行转股的债权可能面临较大折价,从而带来较大资产损失压力。

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