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4个月7只公募发行失败 委外和定增成重灾区

2017-09-04 07:21:07   中国经济网

□本报记者 黄淑慧

今年4月底以来,募集失败的公募基金产品逐渐增多,至8月底,已经有7只产品宣告募集失败。这其中,既有委外定制基金未能满足监管新规所致,也有定增基金因市场环境突变遭遇发行困难。业内人士指出,考虑到基金产品去库存的压力和发行市场竞争激烈,未来仍可能陆续有新基金发行失败。

委外与定增产品成重灾区

今年4月29日,嘉合睿金定期开放灵活配置混合型基金公告称,该基金于2017年3月20日开始募集,并于2017年4月19日结束募集。因未能达到基金合同生效条件,基金合同暂不生效。该产品也成为公募基金业19年来新发基金募集失败的首例。

自此之后,募集失败的案例迅速增多。财汇金融大数据终端显示,截至8月30日,已经先后有6只产品遭遇相似的命运。诺德天利、大摩安享18个月开放债券、北信瑞丰弘盛、国金鑫金、九泰锐兴定增、九泰锐信定增6只产品先后发布公告称基金合同不能生效。其中,大摩安享18个月开放与国金鑫金等2只产品曾一度延长募集期,但最终仍未能募集成功。

根据相关规定,普通公募基金备案条件为“基金募集份额总额不少于2亿份、基金募集金额不少于2亿元人民币、且基金认购人数不少于200人”。基金募集期限届满,不能满足基金备案的条件的,则基金募集失败。

同时按照今年3月的监管新规,单一投资者持有基金份额比例不能超过50%,若超过50%,应当封闭运作或定期开放运作,并采取发起式基金形式,且不得向个人投资者公开发售。这一规定又进一步抬高了委外定制基金的成立门槛。

上述发行失败的多只基金实则因委外定制产品未能满足监管新规所致。诺亚研究与发展中心分析师表示,虽然监管部门批准了委外产品的继续募集,但在新规中对委外资金进行了明确规定,对基金公司提出了明确的投资资金要求。而多数小型基金公司并不满足新规条件。

另外,九泰基金近期募集失败的两只基金均为定增基金,由于定增资金的锁定期延长,定增市场生态发生剧变,导致了新产品发行困难。

发行失败或常态化

在公募基金业内,历来有着通过帮忙资金确保新发基金成立的“传统”,但是随着帮忙资金成本的走高,行业对此的态度在逐步发生变化。有基金公司市场人士表示,随着市场资金利率的抬升,帮忙资金的成本早已水涨船高,基金公司需要考量其中的利弊得失。况且,即便合同生效,后期帮忙资金撤出,又没有新增资金申购,那么基金也很可能沦为迷你基金,等待被清盘的命运。与其花费成本折腾一番,不如索性坦然接受发行失败。

业内人士分析,由于行业前期积压了一些如今看来未必符合投资者需求的产品,加之发行市场竞争仍较为激烈,预计后续仍可能有一些产品面临发行失败。

以定增基金为例,2016年11月,与九泰锐信、九泰锐兴同期获得批文的还有广发睿祥、建信丰盈。截至8月16日,广发睿祥和建信丰盈都尚无发行公告。也有一些基金公司以变更注册的方式解决这一问题,比如,去年10月获得批复的中欧尊享也是一只定增基金,今年4月已申请变更为中欧可转债基金,并于7月获得了批复。多家基金公司也将委外定制基金变更为定期开放发起式形式。

有业内人士指出,这可以说是基金“去库存”的另一种方式。对于“去库存”压力较大的基金公司而言,发行失败或许已经成了消化批文的新方式。

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