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3219家上市公司存货9.57万亿元 占营收比重超六成

2017-09-01 07:26:49   中国经济网

■本报记者 夏 芳

时下,A股上市公司全部交出了半年“中考”成绩单,作为公司财务指标中的一块,存货数量的多少也反映了上市公司的基本面。

《证券日报》记者通过Choice数据统计显示,A股3342家上市公司今年1月份-6月份共实现营收总收入合计18.12万亿元,而上年同期为15.12万亿元,同比增长19.8%;实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润合计为1.67万亿元,而上年同期为1.42万亿元。

根据统计显示,上半年,3342家上市公司中,有2346家公司实现了净利润的同比增长,占比达70.19%,近千家公司净利润同比增长在20%-100%之间。值得一提的是,业绩下滑的公司中,来自房地产开发、其他建材行业、化学制品行业、贸易、纺织、基础软件、火电等行业类企业较多。

上市公司上半年的表现用财务数据给出了答案,从营收和净利润上直接反映出好与差。然而,进一步分析上市公司的运营能力,从上市公司存货指标中则一窥究竟,因为存货是上市公司买进或生产后没有卖出的积压商品或产品。

《证券日报》记者通过Choice数据统计显示,2017年1月份-6月份有存货明细的3219家上市公司,其存货金额合计为9.57万亿元,而它们的营收总额合计为14.85万亿元,9.57亿元的存货金额占上市公司营收的比重达到64.4%。而上年同期3052家上市公司的存货金额为8.07万亿元,以存货为指标,虽然今年与去年同期可统计的上市公司数量相差167家,但是金额却相差1.5万亿元。

值得注意但是,从现有的数据来看,数据显示,上半年存货规模超过千亿元的公司有17家,其中,最多的是中国建筑,其存货为5545.9亿元,其次是万科A,存货金额为4962.9亿元,而绿地控股和保利地产的存货金额分别为4681.8亿元和3714.9亿元,另外,在存货过千亿元的公司中,中字头企业包括中国石油、中国石化、中国中铁、中国铁建、中国电建和中国中冶都在其中。

另外,存货金额超过百亿元的公司有110家,其中包括11家交通设备和交通运输企业,而建筑类企业有16家,钢铁企业有5家,房地产企业有56家,电器设备有3家,商贸零售、有色金属各4家。

值得一提的是,由于上市公司所在的行业不同,其存货的意义也不同,如果是房地产和白酒行业,存货数量多对于它们来说存货高并非坏事,由于存货中包括土地和已卖房等资产,因此,存货高反而代表公司未来有发展。而白酒行业,其存货包括公司基酒的数量,而优质基酒的量直接关系到公司的未来发展,因为酒是陈的香,优质的基酒都需要几年时间的储存。

不过,对于食品及其他制造业来说,存货量的大小则关系到企业的资金周转。

对于上市公司存货金额高企一事,香颂资本执行董事沈萌接受《证券日报》记者时表示,存货对于传统制造业的影响存在两种不同的影响,对产品更新周期较快或产品保质期较短的行业,存货是呈负面影响,因为存货一旦无法快速销售就可能会导致减值,而一些更新周期或保质期都较长的企业,存货减值的风险就较低甚至还可能因为保存期长而升值,比如白酒。

“存货多对于企业资金的周转率影响很大,造成企业的时间成本过高,容易形成资金链断裂。”沈萌强调称。

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