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期现结合成为聚烯烃贸易商的必然选择

2017-08-31 09:53:12   中国经济网

“套利和套保群体的加入,使得国内聚烯烃贸易行业呈现出新业态,贸易商也需要探索新路径。”在中国国际期货近日于济南举办的“2017年聚烯烃产业峰会”上,产业人士表示,在新的市场格局下,期现结合已成为聚烯烃贸易商的必然选择。

山东国通化工有限公司副总经理魏庆生在会上表示,套利商和传统代理商最大的区别在于定价方式的不同。以往聚烯烃市场定价主要是石化企业定价,传统贸易代理商分销给区域的经销商,再销售给区域的工厂,整体链条是通过产业客户赚取现货的差价。而套利商则是根据期货盘面定价,通过区域经销商或者工厂赚取基差收益。目前来看,这部分群体多为期货风险管理公司或者大型企业的期现结合部门。

随着聚烯烃期货规模与影响力的不断扩大,现在的市场已逐渐由原来的石化企业定价变为期货盘面定价。对于这一变化的影响,魏庆生告诉期货日报记者,聚烯烃传统贸易商的经营步履维艰,利用期货工具规避风险、学习尝试基差交易成为他们应对新格局的必然选择。

据记者了解,在期货工具出现后,市场中多了采购、销售的渠道,基差贸易成为聚烯烃行业的一大亮点。在不同的行情阶段,贸易商基差交易的方式也不同,贸易商可以借此规避潜在的市场风险,有的还获得了额外的盈利,在激烈的市场竞争中增强自身实力。

“传统贸易的逻辑在于价差,而基差贸易的逻辑是基差回归。”北京四联化工总裁助理高春民表示,目前聚烯烃市场中,期现结合有两大模式,一种是即期基差贸易,升水是即期基差贸易的必要前提,贸易商可利用升贴水销售;另一种是远期点价模式,贴水是远期点价贸易的必要前提。

据记者了解,下游贸易商通常以某月份的期货价格为计价基础,加上双方协商的升贴水来确定现货商品价格,在不同的行情阶段,贸易商也会采用不同的点价交易模式。

在高春民看来,在聚烯烃的期现结合操作中,基差贸易理念、资金、现货销售、营销网络和交割库是五大影响因素。在实际操作中,当标准品基差不回归时,需换成交割货源准备交割;当非标基差不回归时,应设置一定的价差,砍仓处理。

对于聚烯烃市场行情的判断,魏庆生认为,不论是趋势性上涨或下跌行情,都要抓主要矛盾,依据交易的周期来判断。

“现货端不仅受基本面的影响,还受宏观面的影响。供给侧改革的影响、金融去杠杆以及原油价格能否摆脱45—55美元/桶的波动区间,这些宏观影响因素都只能动态评估。”他表示。

从基本面来看,下半年聚烯烃供需也有较大的变数。“供应端主要看石化企业的投放情况,宁煤二期的投放对供应会有重大影响;需求端要考虑在环保压力下小厂关停后,订单是否向大厂转移,‘双十一’等能否提振包装膜的需求,圣诞订单是否会如期而至,这些都是未知因素。另外,库存方面,石化企业库存每天是显性的,但在新业态下,套利商的隐性库存很难把握,不能做系统的分析,这些数据都需要用时间来考量。”魏庆生称。

此外,市场情绪上,期货盘面与现货盘面紧密联动,再加上资金的扰动,在走势的判断上也会有不确定性。

对于近期的价格上行,在魏庆生看来,利多因素较为集中且无法证伪。“短期内聚烯烃市场涨得有些快了,但上涨并非没有道理。”他认为,短期来看是由多头主导的市场,后期需关注石化企业库存,如果库存累积,则价格有回调的可能。

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