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沪铜 涨势将有所放缓

2017-08-31 09:50:12   中国经济网

受美元持续走弱、铜矿供应增速放缓、下游需求持续向好等一系列因素影响,铜价自5月初以来一路走高,伦铜在8月29日站上6800美元/吨大关,刷新自2014年年末以来的新高。沪铜主力盘中最高触及53000元/吨,为近四年来新高。笔者认为,后期铜价仍将继续上涨,但涨势将有所放缓。

供应端增速放缓

由于近几年铜价持续低迷,部分矿企将原定的扩产或新投资项目延后。据ICSG统计,2017—2018年全球仅有8个主要铜矿项目投产,合计新增产能85.7万吨;拟建项目有6个,新增产能也仅有48.2万吨。加之今年上半年铜矿供应端罢工干扰频频,因此供应端增速放缓。

铜矿行业集中度比较高,全球前20大铜矿企业2016年产量占比为70%。全球第一大铜矿企业智利铜业上半年产量较去年同期减少10.6万吨,主要由于在产矿山品位下降,开采成本提高,需要大量投资来延长矿山生产寿命周期。自由港迈克墨伦上半年产量为78.7万吨,较去年同期95.6万吨减少16.9万吨。力拓上半年产量为20.9万吨,较去年同期减少7.3万吨。全球第一大铜矿Escondida矿罢工43天,导致该矿一季度产量同比下降63%,使得必和必拓上半年产量较去年同期减少20.4万吨至61.4万吨。

截至2017年上半年,产量较去年同期增加的矿企主要是Antofagasta、五矿及第一量子。五矿17H1铜精矿产量较去年同期增加9万吨,主要是由于旗下位于秘鲁的Las bamas矿在2016年7月达产。智利Antofagasta旗下Antucoya矿在2016年8月达产,上半年产量较去年同期增加2.3万吨。第一量子上半年产量为27.4万吨,较去年同期增加2.4万吨。

从今年上半年公布的一系列数据看,新增铜矿投产的增幅远低于因罢工及铜矿品位下降导致的铜矿供应端的降幅,随着时间的推移,下半年罢工影响将有所减弱,但全年铜矿增速放缓已成定局。

需求端稳定增长

中国是全球铜最大的消费国,占全球铜消费的45%左右。国家统计局公布的一、二季度GDP同比增长6.9%,明显好于预期,全球普遍看好中国需求,对铜消费形成强有力支撑。电力占铜消费的半壁江山,1—7月电网投资完成额累计2813亿元,同比增长9.9%,投资1亿元能带动800—1000吨的铜消费,以此计算,1—7月已经累计增加20万吨。受2015、2016年去库存后企业集中补库的需要,学生宿舍大规模安装空调,加上炎热天气的配合,今年空调行业火爆,1—7月产销量同比均增加35%以上。汽车行业今年表现比较稳定,1—7月累计销量同比增加4.1%。另外,新能源汽车发展如火如荼,虽然目前新能源汽车的基数较小,但未来将是铜消费的一个新增长点。

同时也要警惕,铜价大涨将在一定程度上抑制下游消费。下游企业普遍反映原料成本大幅走高,导致企业资金流紧张。同时,在铜价快速拉涨的情况下,为抢占市场份额,铜加工材价格并没有快速跟涨,而是选择压缩加工费,降低利润。

此外,近期库存持续下降也是推动铜价上涨的一个主要动力。截至8月25日,上期所、LME、COMEX库存合计为60.9万吨,较今年以来80万吨的库存高点已下降19万吨左右,但较去年同期50.5万吨相比仍高出10万吨。可见矿端供应紧张并未完全传导至铜端。随着时间推移,铜的供需将由平衡向小幅短缺过渡。

综上所述,在矿端增速放缓和下游需求稳定增长的支撑下,铜价上涨趋势仍未改变,但需警惕铜价快速拉涨会在一定程度上抑制下游消费,进而导致库存累积。

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