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期债 宜以偏多思路操作

2017-08-31 09:49:42   中国经济网

受利率持续上升的影响,近期国债期货呈现振荡下行的态势。后期随着人民币的持续升值以及利率上涨放缓,国债期货有望出现反弹的走势,操作国债的思路应该转变。

人民币持续升值,国债受到支撑

由于市场对于美联储加息进程预期降温以及央行“逆周期调节因子”的影响,5月底以来人民币相对美元一直呈现持续升值的态势。截至8月30日,人民币兑美元汇率报收于6.6102,相对5月10日上升0.2954,升值4.29%,这对于人民币资产产生了一定的提振作用。

从目前的情况来看,人民币有望延续升值的态势。首先,7月美国CPI同比增速仅为1.7%,虽然较6月上升0.1%,但是连续三个月低于2%,显示出美国经济存在通缩的风险。其次,外资流出是之前压制人民币汇率的重要因素。但是,从近期公布的数据来看,外资流出的局面得到了明显缓解。7月国内的外汇储备达到30807.2亿美元,较6月上升239.31亿美元,上升0.78%,外汇储备已经连续六个月上升。外汇占款余额为215106.56亿人民币,较6月下降46.47亿元,下降0.02%。虽然外资流出呈现下降的态势,但是幅度已经明显缩小。最后,由于降杠杆、控风险的需要,今年以来央行在货币政策的操作上格外谨慎。

即使市场出现流动性紧缺的局面,央行也主要以短期的公开市场操作作为解决手段,这使国内利率水平持续上升,中美利差持续扩大。我们认为,上述三个因素在短期内仍然会维持,这对于人民币汇率起到了强劲的支撑,人民币资产受到了一定的支撑。

货币政策趋松,利率上升放缓

由于流动性整体供应偏紧,加之市场的风险偏好上升,造成了目前的货币紧平衡,随之而来的就是利率持续的上升。从目前的情况来看,短期内国内市场的货币供需情况很难得到明显的改善。因此,偏高的利率对国债将会产生持续的压制。不过需要注意的是,9月底不但将迎来中秋和国庆长假,更面临换季的考核。在这种情况下,市场迎来了资金需求的高峰,对于流动性不足的担忧情绪会持续上升。根据以往经验,央行在9月初就开始向市场投放流动性,缓解市场的担忧情绪。因此,9月初央行的货币政策大概率将趋于宽松。基于这个判断,我们认为虽然整体利率上升的态势难以改变,但是短时间内或将滞涨甚至回调,这对于国债将会起到一定的支撑作用。

还有一点需要注意的是,经过了短暂的回调,上证综指近期呈现大幅上涨的态势,资金开始逐渐流入股市。这一方面增加了市场对于资金的需求,另一方面也分流了债市的资金。随着市场风险偏好的提升,市场对于固收资产的需求将会下降,部分机构可能会调整自身的债股比例,这对于债券将会产生一定的不利影响。

综上所述,笔者认为虽然近期国债期货价格走弱,但是考虑到人民币持续升值以及9月初央行潜在的宽松货币政策,国债期货后期反弹的概率较大。因此,近期宜以偏多的思路操作国债。

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