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最高法司法解释剑指公司治理五大模糊地带

2017-08-29 09:44:26   新华网

8月28日,最高人民法院召开新闻发布会,通报《最高人民法院关于适用若干问题的规定(四)》(下称《解释》)有关情况。《解释》包括27条规定,涉及决议效力、股东知情权、利润分配权、优先购买权和股东代表诉讼等五大方面纠纷案件审理中的法律适用问题。

在法律人士看来,此次《解释》涉及的五个方面均是围绕公司治理中股东权利的保护而展开的,符合加强投资者权益保护、规范公司治理结构等要求,同时也是对近年来社会各界广泛关注的公司决议效力等问题的回应,直击此前曾引发争议的公司治理五大模糊地带。

  增设“决议不成立”

作为公司治理的主要方式,召开股东会或者股东大会、董事会会议,就公司经营事项作出决议,一直是公司治理纠纷的集中爆发点之一。《解释》此次确定了“决议不成立”之诉,与“决议无效”之诉和“撤销决议”之诉一起,共同构成了决议效力瑕疵“三分法”的格局。

同时,《解释》还明确了相关细则。例如,决议撤销之诉的原告应当在起诉时具有股东资格;股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议被人民法院判决确认无效或者撤销的,公司依据该决议与善意相对人形成的民事法律关系不受影响。

事实上,“决议不成立”之争在资本市场上早已引发波澜。此前备受关注的万科股权之争中,“万科拟以发行股份方式收购深圳地铁集团旗下前海国际100%股权”这一收购方案,就曾因决议是否有效而虚实难辨。彼时,万科方面称,独董张利平因存在关联关系而申请了回避表决,导致华润所派三名董事投出了反对票、但相关收购方案仍以70%的赞成率获得通过。而华润方面则认为,根据公司章程,该事项应经董事会三分之二以上董事(8名)表决同意,而实际只获得7名董事表决同意。

此后,华润还委托相关机构邀请国内13位权威法学专家召开了论证会,会上形成的法律意见就提出,张利平提出回避表决的理由不符合法律及公司章程的相关规定,前述董事会决议实际上并未有效形成,可请求法院撤销该决议。

有法律人士表示,“决议不成立”与“决议无效”、“撤销决议”有着实质上的不同,后两者针对已经成立的决议,而倘若决策前提不足,其本身就无法形成决议,是否有效更无从谈起。

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