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股东滥用权力将受司法“适当干预” 专家称何为“适当”需具体判例

2017-08-29 08:59:01   中国经济网

8月28日, 最高人民法院发布《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国公司法>若干问题的规定(四)》(简称《解释》),并自2017年9月1日起施行。《解释》明确,公司股东滥用权利,导致其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。

据最高人民法院审判委员会专职委员杜万华介绍,《解释》包括27条规定,涉及决议效力、股东知情权、利润分配权、优先购买权和股东代表诉讼等五个方面纠纷案件审理中的法律适用问题。

“这个《解释》对公司的股东是一个有力的约束,而且更好的保护了中小股东的权益。”中银律师事务所合伙人唐宝国在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示。

一直以来,股东的利润分配权备受关注。所谓利润分配权,是指股东有权按照出资或股份比例请求分配公司利润的权利。是否分配和如何分配公司利润,原则上属于商业判断和公司自治的范畴,人民法院一般不应介入。

近年来,公司大股东违反同股同权原则和股东权利不得滥用原则,排挤、压榨小股东,导致公司不分配利润,损害小股东利润分配权的现象时有发生,严重破坏了公司自治。譬如,公司不分配利润,但董事、高级管理人员领取过高薪酬,或者由控股股东操纵公司购买与经营无关的财物或者服务,用于其自身使用或者消费,或者隐瞒或者转移利润等等。

因此,《解释》第十五条规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。“业内一直呼吁相关《解释》的出台,这对于更好的保护中小投资者权益是一个好的开端”。唐宝国表示。

但他同时表示,《解释》里说的“适当干预”,具体干预到什么程度并没有明确,具体怎样操作需要司法实践做出1个至2个判例来作为参考。

此外,《解释》还进一步完善了股东代表诉讼机制。

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