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供给侧改革持续推进 期货助涉棉产业提质增效

2017-08-28 07:36:51   中国经济网

8月的新疆,天山南北,瓜果飘香,丰收在望,棉花也已全面进入了结桃、吐絮的关键期。放眼望去,只见连片的棉田里浓绿旺盛,形似核桃大小的棉桃缀满枝头,长势喜人。据中储棉花信息中心李君介绍,由于气候条件方面的原因,新疆棉农普遍反映今年产量高于去年,如无意外,产量可能是自2010年以来最乐观的一年,丰收也基本成定局。众所周知,新疆的自然条件十分符合棉花喜光、耐旱的生长特性,近年来新疆已逐渐成为我国棉花作物的主产区。2016/2017年度,新疆棉花产量约410万吨,占全国的比重超过80%。

棉花是国民生产、生活的必需品,也是重要的工业原料和军用物资,在国民经济发展中起着重要的作用。作为产棉和用棉大国,我国棉花的进口和出口均位列世界第一。涉棉产业的上下游产业链涉及种植、加工、贸易、纺织以及终端消费等环节,涉及产业人员过亿。因而,涉棉产业能否健康和可持续的发展,已不单单只是简单意义上的农业问题,其对社会安定和人民生活水平的提高同样具有重要意义。

然而,近年来,涉棉产业的发展却并非“一帆风顺”。据了解,近两年来,涉棉产业在供需方面的结构性矛盾逐渐凸显。一方面,当前我国的纺织企业已步入转型升级的关键期,对高品质棉花的需求不断增加。另一方面,当前国内大量种植的普通棉,在一些关键性指标上与进口棉相比仍存在一定差距。上述矛盾造成的供需错配问题在棉产业内较为突出,也使涉棉产业陷入了“成本高农民不愿种棉、价格高纺织企业用不起棉、品质差纺织企业不愿用棉”的现实困境,加之进口棉的冲击,棉农增收和涉棉产业的发展正面临极大挑战。

据产业内人士介绍,新疆的涉棉产业受到产业内“大气候”的影响。一方面,库存高企造成了棉花价格的下跌,另一方面,有效供给不足造成了供需结构性矛盾。同时,新疆涉棉产业的发展也面临着区域“小气候”的影响。据新疆生产建设兵团棉麻公司负责人介绍,就机械化程度而言,2016年兵团机采棉面积达650万亩,棉花机采率72.9%。但从地方植棉情况来看,特别是以地方植棉为主的南疆,由于土地集约程度较差,棉花采摘的机械化程度仍然偏低。因此,生产规模偏小、生产单元分散、产业集中度不高等因素,仍是制约先进的植棉技术在新疆应用的主要障碍。此外,由于棉花在成本方面的攀高,近年来经营效益也普遍有所下滑。在此背景下,新疆涉棉产业形成了提质增效激发内生动力的迫切要求。

创新经营模式正“生根发芽”

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