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联通职工股行权标准不合理

2017-08-25 07:41:48   中国经济网

中国联通混合所有制改革中,职工股票期权的行权标准存在瑕疵,其关键问题不是3.79元的超低行权价格,而是以主营业务增长率、利润总额增长率和净资产收益率来衡量职工的行权资格,同时还要考核员工的个人利润贡献标准,这其中很容易引发道德风险。

先看总指标的三项,联通规定:相比于2017年,2018-2020年公司主营业务收入增长率不得低于4.4%、11.7%、20.9%(2016年为2.2%),且不低于行业内三大电信运营商平均水平;利润总额增长率不低于65.4%、224.8%、378.2%(2016年为-95.8%),且不得低于同行业75分位水平;净资产收益率不得低于2%、3.9%、5.4%(2016年为0.2%)。

那么问题来了,实现这个指标究竟难不难。其中关键字眼是相比2017年,即只要联通2017年的三项指标做得足够难看,那么就能大幅降低职工股行权的难度,其中的细节不用多说,投资者可以很容易做出判断。

即使2017年度的数据和2016年相比正常发挥,那么想要实现主营业务收入和利润总额的数据高增长也并非难事,只要联通公司在适当的时间大规模搞预存话费的营销活动,就可以将未来的主营业务收入提前兑现,净利润方面也并不是很难,本次混合所有制改革联通可以募集600多亿元新增资金,未来还可以继续增加股本,只要股本足够大,再用闲置资金归还银行贷款就能降低财务费用,多出的钱还可以购买理财产品增加收入,这样就有可能大幅提升利润总额。利润总额提高了,净资产收益率自然也能提升,即使按照最高要求的5.4%计算,也不是很高的水平,前两项做好了,净资产收益率水到渠成。

其实,联通或许不用这么麻烦来做数据,眼下有两件大事,就能帮助联通实现目标,一是国家提出的提速降费,二是5G网络的建设。通过提速降费,联通可以大打价格战,本栏已经接到自称联通工作人员的推销电话,每月199元,电话随便打,流量随便用,还给3连号或者AABB的靓号,着实很诱人,这很可能就是价格战的开始。同时5G的建设可以给联通不断增资扩股提供理由。

通过价格战,可以迅速提升联通的利润总额和主营业务收入水平,通过减少信贷,就可以提升净资产收益率,同时还能拉低整个行业的利润率水平,故职工股权激励的行权并不难实现。

还有一点很耐人寻味,就是员工个人的利润贡献,除了营销部门的员工外,其他技术岗位、行政岗位,以及人力资源岗位的员工,如何衡量个人利润贡献?这可能又会成为联通内部领导胁迫下级员工的有力武器:三项指标都合格了,哪个员工愿意因为自己个人利润贡献不达标而拿不到廉价股票认购资格?于是只好对上级领导言听计从,甚至做出违背自己本意的事情。

其实国际资本市场早就有非常可行的股权激励方案,联通现在的股价在9元附近,例如直接指定12元的行权价格,每个员工设定一个股数,没有其他限制,只要股价涨了,员工就能行权获利,否则就是废纸,而投资者其实最看重的也是股价,利润总额高低对投资者的影响都是间接的,只有股价是直接的。反向思考一下,联通把自己快速揣胖,各项指标都达标了,但是股价上不去,员工获利,投资者亏损,这肯定不是一个好的股权激励计划。

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