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严格把关主业投资 建立分行业负债率警戒线管控制度

2017-08-25 07:07:27   中国经济网

■本报记者 苏诗钰

国务院常务会议提出,要建立严格的分行业负债率警戒线管控制度。对高于警戒线的企业在年度经营业绩考核中增加资产负债率的权重,并严格把关主业投资、严控非主业投资、禁止安排推高负债率的投资项目。

上海财经大学银行系教授曹啸昨日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,杠杆率有不同的指标,这些指标从不同的角度衡量了企业的债务负担、偿债能力和风险。从抑制国企的扩张冲动、提高国企的投资效率、降低国企负债风险的目标来看,建立杠杆率警戒线管控制度,需要建立系统的、细化的、可操作的杠杆率警戒线体系,核心应该围绕利息保障倍数,考核国企的资产回报是否能够覆盖债务负担,把企业的负债和投资回报结合起来综合考量,以抑制国企的低效负债扩张作为去杠杆的核心。

曹啸表示,杠杆率警戒线的管制不能笼统地以国企或者国企集团的平均杠杆率作为监控指标,不能用高回报项目的杠杆率掩盖低回报或者亏损项目的杠杆率,应该考核各个投资项目杠杆率的分布情况,切实提高国企的投资效率,控制负债风险。

91金融创始人许泽玮昨日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,建立警戒线管控制度能够让降杠杆更加精细化,尤其是分行业的管控制度,可以从源头上杜绝不同行业的企业通过扩杠杆让自身的数据更加好看,真正实现去产能,让企业将发展重心转移到转型升级上来,并推动央企资产负债率总体保持稳中有降,促进高负债企业负债率逐步回归合理水平。

中国国际经济交流中心经济研究部副研究员刘向东昨日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,建立严格的分行业负债率警戒线管控制度,主要从两个方面入手,一方面是国企的业务类型,严控非主营业务的负债率过高,二是从资金来源控制,支持银行减少对国企非主营业务的贷款或对僵尸国企的贷款。

“警戒线指标体系本身需要合理且具有可操作性,建议把杠杆率指标和企业的风险状况结合起来,构建以风险为基准的杆杠率指标体系。除此以外,还需要从国企的治理结构以及金融机构的约束两个方面发挥警戒线管控的作用。”曹啸告诉记者。

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