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基本面推动沪铜高位运行

2017-08-24 09:51:41   中国经济网

沪铜近期高位运行,基本面的配合是功不可没的,我们始终认为表观需求反映出来的消费并没有市场预期的那般疲弱。按照公式来测算,2017年1—6月我国铜表观需求为546.54万吨,同比小幅回落0.27%。由此可见,在供应偏紧的情况下,需求是稳定向好的。由于精铜终端消费比较分散,我们将从三大占比最重的行业家电、交通运输、电力进行阐述。

家电行业对铜消费利好逐渐消退

2017年1—6月,空调产量为10171.99万台,较去年同期增长1769.19万台,按照每台耗铜8kg计算,空调方面的铜消费增量为14.15万吨;家用电冰箱产量为4822.4万台,较去年同期增长123.5万台,按照每台耗铜1.4kg计算,铜消耗增量0.1729吨。我们预计今年上半年家电消耗铜增量在15万—16万吨。尽管在高温烧烤模式下,空调销量一路飙涨,但空调6月产量已经回落至1391万台,环比下降6.86%。此外,空调渠道库存已在4200万—4300万台,高库存或对后续的生产安排造成一定压力。

交通运输行业对铜消费的支撑依旧可期

2017年1—6月,汽车产量为1396.8万台(其中新能源汽车的产量20.4万台),较去年同期增长85.4万台。若按照传统汽车消耗铜20kg/辆计算,铜消费增量至少在1.7万吨(该计算忽略了新能源汽车较传统汽车耗铜平均增加20kg)。在政策面上,按照工信部2020年国内新能源汽车产量达200万辆的目标,预计到2020年,新能源汽车用铜量将增加2.5万吨/年;将建成集中充换电站1.2万座、分散充电桩480万个的配套充电设施,按照每个充电桩10kw计算,充电设备耗铜约1.25万吨/年;十三五期间,中国地铁里程将达6000公里,初步估算车辆耗铜将增加4万吨/年,相关线缆耗铜增加3万吨/年。因此,就已知政策的初步预算,铜消费增量在6.75万吨/年。

电力消费接力家电消费,成为新的热点

从电网基础建设投资完成额观察,2017年1—6月累计完成2398亿元,同比增长9.98%,符合我们先前低增速的判断;电源基础建设投资完成额虽延续负增长,但增速明显好转,对比1—4月同比增速下降21.18%,1—6月增速已经提升至下降13.54%。按投资角度分类,电源基础建设用铜较少,占比在15%左右,电网基础建设用铜占比在85%。因此,电网基本建设投资增速的企稳对铜消费是相当利好的。

根据电网每投资1亿元能带动800—1000吨的铜消费估算,2017年1—6月电网投资完成额累计值为2398亿元,较去年同期增长217.62亿元,意味着铜消费增量在19.59万吨。按照2017年电网投资计划4657亿元来计算,下半年仍然有2259亿元投资计划,将带动203.3万吨的铜消费。若是电网投资同比增速稳定在5%水平上方,意味着2017年电网基础建设投资完成额将达到5697.3亿元,即下半年将较计划外消费93万吨铜。

综合看来, 2017年1—6月铜消费增量保守估计超过40万吨,而下半年的消费重点花落电网投资。我们认为2017年电网投资延续同比增长是大概率事件,由于往年基数较高,我们保守估计计划外投资对铜额外的需求增量将达93万吨。在宏观环境稳定、市场流动性充裕的条件下,需求的稳定向好配合着供应端可能出现短缺预期这一添加剂,铜价上涨仍可期。

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