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无人机加装模块可轻松突破禁飞区?大疆:立法约束非法改装

2017-08-24 07:16:47   中国经济网

每经记者 项义妹 每经编辑 张海妮

自今年5月民航局整理并公布了境内多个机场的限制面保护范围后,“无人机扰航”事件仍未能杜绝。8月19日上午,一架无人机入侵了长沙黄花机场净空保护区,导致机场紧急停飞半小时,13趟航班的起降受到影响。

记者了解到,固定翼飞行器可长时间滞空,配合开源飞控系统可轻松远距离突破禁飞区,而多旋翼飞行器尽管受到禁飞区的限制,但是市场上存在不少无人机加装模块,安装后便可破解禁飞区。

在8月22日大疆举办的无人机安全飞行科普活动上,大疆安全技术总监王庶告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,希望从法律法规角度,约束这类非法改装行为。

各地陆续设置飞行器禁飞区

据统计,今年上半年,民航局共收到无人机影响航班运行报告44起,与去年同期相比增加37起,受影响航班790班,较去年同期增加689班。

为加强管理,民航局陆续出台政策对无人机的使用进行监管。5月16日,民航局下发《民用无人驾驶航空器实名制登记管理规定》,要求自2017年6月1日起,在我国境内最大起飞重量为250克以上(含250克)的民用无人机拥有者必须进行实名登记。

5月16日,民航局汇总整理了首批155个民用机场限制面保护范围。北京、上海、广东、四川、重庆、湖北等地相继出台管理规定,把机场、党政机关、军事基地、交通枢纽等敏感区域设置为“低小慢”飞行器的禁飞区。

目前,技术成熟的消费级无人机都由GPS定位系统导航飞行,正规厂家生产的带GPS系统的无人机产品一般会设置电子围栏。

据大疆方面介绍,目前大疆的各类飞行器均应用了禁飞区技术。当飞行器处于禁飞区内时,便无法起飞,也无法从禁飞区外部闯入。根据民航局颁布的文件,大疆在国内两百余个机场划设了禁飞区。在各地举办国家大型活动时,还应管理部门要求协助划设临时禁飞区。

仍有飞机突破限飞区

值得注意的是,玩家自行组装的固定翼飞行器和航模等,可长时间滞空,配合开源飞控系统依然可轻松远距离突破机场、军事基地等禁飞区,而这类飞行器由于没有实名制,往往很难取证、追究责任。

此外,多旋翼飞行器尽管受到禁飞区的限制,但是市场上存在不少提供无人机改装的商家,无人机加装GPS破解模块后也可破解禁飞区。

对此,王庶表示,加装模块是指对GPS信号进行偏移设置,目前这种改装只能用于大疆早期的存量飞机,新版的飞机已经对GPS进行了加密认证处理,对这种偏移模块技术已经失效。不过,其他厂家的无人机是否还会受这种技术的干扰,还要视厂家有没有进行相应的技术升级。

而无人机工程师陈大建向《每日经济新闻》记者表示,加装模块确实可以破解禁飞区,还有更多的是通过软件破解,而对GPS进行了加密认证处理后,破解起来较难。但不是所有厂商都愿意在无人机产品设置禁飞区,厂家是被动设置的,产品限制太多,消费者就不喜欢了。

对此,大疆方面也坦承,在无人机监管趋严之后,公司产品销量确实存在下滑。

不过,王庶表示,作为占据全球消费级无人机70%以上市场份额的企业,大疆将主动承担教育任务,通过网络社区、旗舰店、线下活动等渠道积极普及安全飞行知识,推进“航空文明”落地。同时,他呼吁,希望从法律法规角度,约束这类非法改装行为。

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