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曹中铭:对次新股频现“类借壳” 应及时堵上制度短板

2017-08-21 18:08:46   中国经济网

曹中铭

本月初,停牌3个月的新宏泰披露了并购重组草案,上市公司拟以43.2亿元并购动车组粉末冶金闸片制造商天宜上佳。此时,离上市公司去年7月1日挂牌刚好过去13个月的时间。根据草案,标的资产规模数倍于上市公司。如果交易完成,双方持股比例将较为接近。也正因为如此,作为次新股的新宏泰重大资产重组被打上了“类借壳”标记。

统计数据显示,从2015年年初截至今年8月17日,沪深股市共有556家公司完成IPO,在这些上市公司中,尝试或者完成的所有重大资产重组事项,案例共有118例。也就是说,即使是次新股,也热衷于筹划重大事项,热衷于并购重组。

而在118个案例中,出现“类借壳”的就多达12例。其中,吉宏股份等6例已终止,新宏泰等4例正在进行中,而帝王洁具、金石东方等2例则已完成相关的“类借壳”交易。

根据前述重组草案,标的资产天宜上佳2015、2016年净利润分别为8866.62万元、1.97亿元,今年前4个月实现净利润9400.52万元,盈利能力不错。

值得注意的是,并购天宜上佳的交易作价为上市公司新宏泰总资产的4.65倍,净资产为5.3倍,营业收入为1.2倍。因此,该并购是一次典型的“蛇吞象”式的并购。

尽管该并购为发行股份+现金的模式,若交易完成,新宏泰实际控制人的持股比例将从52.44%下降到26.93%,而天宜上佳的大股东及关联方合计持股将达到19.82%。这也导致上交所在问询函中,直指其实际控制人问题。

从12个“类借壳”的案例分析,重组标的体量大、跨界并购、上市公司市值小、利润少成为其中的共性。特别的一点在于,即使是次新股公司,如果所处行业盈利受限或成长性不足,那么就会有(跨界)并购的冲动。

而事实上,这样的上市公司并不在少数。反过来讲,这也表明一些质地平平的企业在新股IPO时进入了市场。从这个角度讲,次新股频现的并购重组以及“类借壳”现象,与原有的新股发行制度存在一定的关联性。

另一方面,自去年《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》(下称《管理办法》)、《上市公司收购管理办法》修订以来,重组上市审核趋严,而且,由于重组上市审核标准等同于新股IPO,客观上导致众多上市公司在筹划重大事项,特别是“重组”体量大,或可能触及实控人变更等关键问题时,往往采取创新方案的方式进行规避。

其中,避免出现实控人变更又成为重点。像新宏泰的重组草案,在实控人没有发生变更的背景下,靠“重组”纳入体量比上市公司本身大得多的资产,但又避免了触及重组上市的问题。

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